WGU D236
Pathophysiology
OA V2 EXAM
Actual Questions with Verified Answers
Pass the Exam with Confidence
What You Will Get:
➢70 OA Exam Questions w/ Answers
➢ (Megan/Shay’s Study Guides)
➢ Casey's WGU NY01 Patho Note
➢ Expert Rationales included.
Take and pass the OA :)
, Preview Pages Below
Get the Complete PDF After Purchase
PREVIEW BEFORE PURCHASE
If you require further clarification
or in need of any study resources,
feel free to Message me.
Selected exam and study-guide pages are shown below.
,Table of Contents
D236 OA – V2 Exam .............................................................. 2
D236 Patho - Megan/Shay’s Study Guides ......................... 37
Casey's WGU NY01 Patho Notes....................................... 100
D236 OA – V2 Exam
1. A patient record documents headaches with memory defects. The patient's
color and temperature are unusual, and the patient reports pain at night. Which
condition is described?
a. Angina pectoris
b. Atherosclerosis
c. Myocardial infarction
d. Thrombophlebitis
Correct Answer: d. Thrombophlebitis
Expert Rationale:
Thrombophlebitis involves inflammation and thrombus formation in a superficial
or deep vein. Clinical manifestations include localized warmth, erythema (color
change), tenderness, and pain that may worsen at night or with palpation. While
the memory defects and headaches are atypical, the combination of
color/temperature changes with nocturnal limb pain strongly suggests venous
,inflammation. Angina and MI present with chest pain; atherosclerosis is typically
asymptomatic until complications arise.
2. A patient record indicates a type of hypertension that is typically above
180/120 and can cause serious damage to organ tissue. It was treated as a
medical emergency. Which type of hypertension did this patient have?
a. Pulmonary
b. Malignant
c. Essential
d. Renal
Correct Answer: b. Malignant
Expert Rationale:
Malignant hypertension is defined by severe hypertension (systolic >180 mmHg or
diastolic >120-130 mmHg) accompanied by papilledema and/or acute target-
organ damage (encephalopathy, acute kidney injury, heart failure). It requires
immediate intervention to prevent irreversible organ damage. Essential
hypertension is chronic and asymptomatic; pulmonary hypertension affects
pulmonary arteries; renal hypertension is secondary to kidney disease but does
not inherently imply emergency status.
3. A patient presents with fatigue, fever, and night sweats. An echocardiogram
showed vegetations. Which disease is described?
a. Stenosis
b. Pericarditis
c. Myocarditis
d. Endocarditis
Correct Answer: d. Endocarditis
,Expert Rationale:
Infective endocarditis is characterized by the triad of fever, constitutional
symptoms (fatigue, night sweats, weight loss), and vegetation formation on heart
valves visualized by echocardiography (transesophageal echo is most sensitive).
Vegetations are masses of platelets, fibrin, microorganisms, and inflammatory
cells. Stenosis is a valvular narrowing; pericarditis involves the pericardial sac;
myocarditis involves myocardial inflammation without valvular vegetations.
4. Which type of anemia is characterized by insufficient or totally absent RBC
production and results in a patient having an inability to fight infection and
having a tendency to bleed?
a. Aplastic anemia
b. Folic acid deficiency anemia
c. Pernicious anemia
d. Iron deficiency anemia
Correct Answer: a. Aplastic anemia
Expert Rationale:
Aplastic anemia is a bone marrow failure syndrome characterized by pancytopenia
(deficiency of all blood cell lines) due to destruction or suppression of
hematopoietic stem cells. The absence of leukocytes causes infection
susceptibility; thrombocytopenia causes bleeding tendencies. Folic acid deficiency,
pernicious anemia (B12 deficiency), and iron deficiency anemia are specific
maturation or hemoglobin synthesis defects that do not typically cause complete
bone marrow failure.
5. A patient record document reports fatigue, shortness of breath, and vomiting.
The patient was given medication for crushing chest pain that radiated to the
,back and jaw. The patient's blood showed elevated cardiac enzymes. Which
condition is described?
a. Congestive heart failure
b. Angina pectoris
c. Atrial fibrillation
d. Myocardial infarction
Correct Answer: d. Myocardial infarction
Expert Rationale:
The presentation of crushing/substernal chest pain radiating to the back, jaw, and
neck accompanied by diaphoresis, nausea/vomiting, and elevated cardiac
biomarkers (troponin, CK-MB) is pathognomonic for acute myocardial infarction
(STEMI or NSTEMI). Angina pectoris does not cause cardiac enzyme elevation. CHF
and atrial fibrillation do not typically present with this classic pain pattern and
enzyme release.
6. What are known triggers for vaso-occlusive crises, such as Sickle Cell Disease?
a. Alkalosis and insomnia
b. High-fat diet and hyperoxia
c. Acidosis and dehydration
d. Reduced stress and warm environmental temperature
Correct Answer: c. Acidosis and dehydration
Expert Rationale:
Vaso-occlusive crises in sickle cell disease occur when deoxygenated hemoglobin S
polymerizes, causing erythrocyte sickling and microvascular occlusion. Acidosis
reduces hemoglobin's oxygen affinity (Bohr effect), promoting deoxygenation and
sickling. Dehydration increases plasma osmolarity and hemoglobin concentration,
accelerating polymerization. Cold temperatures, hypoxia, infection, and stress are
also triggers. Alkalosis and hyperoxia would theoretically reduce sickling.
, D236 Patho - Megan/Shay’s Study Guides
What is the primary determinant of oncotic pressure?
Albumin
Form of osmotic pressure exerted by proteins
Oncotic Pressure
What is the difference between adult and child immunity?
Naive T Cells
Fluid and electrolyte levels are regulated by _________________, which
regulates actions such as thirst, ADH, the kidneys, and RAAS.
Osmoreceptors
What are the causes of dehydration?
#Excessive loss
#Inadequate intake
#Both
What s/sx are associated with dehydration?
#Dry mucous membranes
#Decreased skin turgor
#Decreased urine output
#Low blood pressure
#Tachycardia
#Weak heart rate
#Confusion
, Casey's WGU NY01 Patho Notes
Bones buffer acid by
Releasing alkaline salts (calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate) into circulation.
Strain
injury to muscle or tendon - causes pain, swelling, and muscle weakness
Sprain
injury to a ligament, which connects bones to the joint
What is myopia?
Myopia is also known as nearsightedness.
Where does light focus in myopia?
Light focuses in front of the retina.
What causes myopia?
Myopia is caused by an elongated eyeball or an overly curved cornea.
What are common symptoms of myopia?
Common symptoms include blurry distant vision, squinting, and eye strain.
What are two common corrections for myopia?
Corrections for myopia include LASIK and concave lenses.
What is glaucoma?
, WGU D236
Pathophysiology
OA V2 EXAM
Actual Questions with Verified Answers
Pass the Exam with Confidence
What You Will Get:
➢70 OA Exam Questions w/ Answers
➢ (Megan/Shay’s Study Guides)
➢ Casey's WGU NY01 Patho Note
➢ Expert Rationales included.
Take and pass the OA :)
, Table of Contents
D236 OA – V2 Exam .............................................................. 2
D236 Patho - Megan/Shay’s Study Guides ......................... 37
Casey's WGU NY01 Patho Notes....................................... 100
D236 OA – V2 Exam
1. A patient record documents headaches with memory defects. The patient's
color and temperature are unusual, and the patient reports pain at night. Which
condition is described?
a. Angina pectoris
b. Atherosclerosis
c. Myocardial infarction
d. Thrombophlebitis
Correct Answer: d. Thrombophlebitis
Expert Rationale:
Thrombophlebitis involves inflammation and thrombus formation in a superficial
or deep vein. Clinical manifestations include localized warmth, erythema (color
change), tenderness, and pain that may worsen at night or with palpation. While
the memory defects and headaches are atypical, the combination of
color/temperature changes with nocturnal limb pain strongly suggests venous
Pathophysiology
OA V2 EXAM
Actual Questions with Verified Answers
Pass the Exam with Confidence
What You Will Get:
➢70 OA Exam Questions w/ Answers
➢ (Megan/Shay’s Study Guides)
➢ Casey's WGU NY01 Patho Note
➢ Expert Rationales included.
Take and pass the OA :)
, Preview Pages Below
Get the Complete PDF After Purchase
PREVIEW BEFORE PURCHASE
If you require further clarification
or in need of any study resources,
feel free to Message me.
Selected exam and study-guide pages are shown below.
,Table of Contents
D236 OA – V2 Exam .............................................................. 2
D236 Patho - Megan/Shay’s Study Guides ......................... 37
Casey's WGU NY01 Patho Notes....................................... 100
D236 OA – V2 Exam
1. A patient record documents headaches with memory defects. The patient's
color and temperature are unusual, and the patient reports pain at night. Which
condition is described?
a. Angina pectoris
b. Atherosclerosis
c. Myocardial infarction
d. Thrombophlebitis
Correct Answer: d. Thrombophlebitis
Expert Rationale:
Thrombophlebitis involves inflammation and thrombus formation in a superficial
or deep vein. Clinical manifestations include localized warmth, erythema (color
change), tenderness, and pain that may worsen at night or with palpation. While
the memory defects and headaches are atypical, the combination of
color/temperature changes with nocturnal limb pain strongly suggests venous
,inflammation. Angina and MI present with chest pain; atherosclerosis is typically
asymptomatic until complications arise.
2. A patient record indicates a type of hypertension that is typically above
180/120 and can cause serious damage to organ tissue. It was treated as a
medical emergency. Which type of hypertension did this patient have?
a. Pulmonary
b. Malignant
c. Essential
d. Renal
Correct Answer: b. Malignant
Expert Rationale:
Malignant hypertension is defined by severe hypertension (systolic >180 mmHg or
diastolic >120-130 mmHg) accompanied by papilledema and/or acute target-
organ damage (encephalopathy, acute kidney injury, heart failure). It requires
immediate intervention to prevent irreversible organ damage. Essential
hypertension is chronic and asymptomatic; pulmonary hypertension affects
pulmonary arteries; renal hypertension is secondary to kidney disease but does
not inherently imply emergency status.
3. A patient presents with fatigue, fever, and night sweats. An echocardiogram
showed vegetations. Which disease is described?
a. Stenosis
b. Pericarditis
c. Myocarditis
d. Endocarditis
Correct Answer: d. Endocarditis
,Expert Rationale:
Infective endocarditis is characterized by the triad of fever, constitutional
symptoms (fatigue, night sweats, weight loss), and vegetation formation on heart
valves visualized by echocardiography (transesophageal echo is most sensitive).
Vegetations are masses of platelets, fibrin, microorganisms, and inflammatory
cells. Stenosis is a valvular narrowing; pericarditis involves the pericardial sac;
myocarditis involves myocardial inflammation without valvular vegetations.
4. Which type of anemia is characterized by insufficient or totally absent RBC
production and results in a patient having an inability to fight infection and
having a tendency to bleed?
a. Aplastic anemia
b. Folic acid deficiency anemia
c. Pernicious anemia
d. Iron deficiency anemia
Correct Answer: a. Aplastic anemia
Expert Rationale:
Aplastic anemia is a bone marrow failure syndrome characterized by pancytopenia
(deficiency of all blood cell lines) due to destruction or suppression of
hematopoietic stem cells. The absence of leukocytes causes infection
susceptibility; thrombocytopenia causes bleeding tendencies. Folic acid deficiency,
pernicious anemia (B12 deficiency), and iron deficiency anemia are specific
maturation or hemoglobin synthesis defects that do not typically cause complete
bone marrow failure.
5. A patient record document reports fatigue, shortness of breath, and vomiting.
The patient was given medication for crushing chest pain that radiated to the
,back and jaw. The patient's blood showed elevated cardiac enzymes. Which
condition is described?
a. Congestive heart failure
b. Angina pectoris
c. Atrial fibrillation
d. Myocardial infarction
Correct Answer: d. Myocardial infarction
Expert Rationale:
The presentation of crushing/substernal chest pain radiating to the back, jaw, and
neck accompanied by diaphoresis, nausea/vomiting, and elevated cardiac
biomarkers (troponin, CK-MB) is pathognomonic for acute myocardial infarction
(STEMI or NSTEMI). Angina pectoris does not cause cardiac enzyme elevation. CHF
and atrial fibrillation do not typically present with this classic pain pattern and
enzyme release.
6. What are known triggers for vaso-occlusive crises, such as Sickle Cell Disease?
a. Alkalosis and insomnia
b. High-fat diet and hyperoxia
c. Acidosis and dehydration
d. Reduced stress and warm environmental temperature
Correct Answer: c. Acidosis and dehydration
Expert Rationale:
Vaso-occlusive crises in sickle cell disease occur when deoxygenated hemoglobin S
polymerizes, causing erythrocyte sickling and microvascular occlusion. Acidosis
reduces hemoglobin's oxygen affinity (Bohr effect), promoting deoxygenation and
sickling. Dehydration increases plasma osmolarity and hemoglobin concentration,
accelerating polymerization. Cold temperatures, hypoxia, infection, and stress are
also triggers. Alkalosis and hyperoxia would theoretically reduce sickling.
, D236 Patho - Megan/Shay’s Study Guides
What is the primary determinant of oncotic pressure?
Albumin
Form of osmotic pressure exerted by proteins
Oncotic Pressure
What is the difference between adult and child immunity?
Naive T Cells
Fluid and electrolyte levels are regulated by _________________, which
regulates actions such as thirst, ADH, the kidneys, and RAAS.
Osmoreceptors
What are the causes of dehydration?
#Excessive loss
#Inadequate intake
#Both
What s/sx are associated with dehydration?
#Dry mucous membranes
#Decreased skin turgor
#Decreased urine output
#Low blood pressure
#Tachycardia
#Weak heart rate
#Confusion
, Casey's WGU NY01 Patho Notes
Bones buffer acid by
Releasing alkaline salts (calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate) into circulation.
Strain
injury to muscle or tendon - causes pain, swelling, and muscle weakness
Sprain
injury to a ligament, which connects bones to the joint
What is myopia?
Myopia is also known as nearsightedness.
Where does light focus in myopia?
Light focuses in front of the retina.
What causes myopia?
Myopia is caused by an elongated eyeball or an overly curved cornea.
What are common symptoms of myopia?
Common symptoms include blurry distant vision, squinting, and eye strain.
What are two common corrections for myopia?
Corrections for myopia include LASIK and concave lenses.
What is glaucoma?
, WGU D236
Pathophysiology
OA V2 EXAM
Actual Questions with Verified Answers
Pass the Exam with Confidence
What You Will Get:
➢70 OA Exam Questions w/ Answers
➢ (Megan/Shay’s Study Guides)
➢ Casey's WGU NY01 Patho Note
➢ Expert Rationales included.
Take and pass the OA :)
, Table of Contents
D236 OA – V2 Exam .............................................................. 2
D236 Patho - Megan/Shay’s Study Guides ......................... 37
Casey's WGU NY01 Patho Notes....................................... 100
D236 OA – V2 Exam
1. A patient record documents headaches with memory defects. The patient's
color and temperature are unusual, and the patient reports pain at night. Which
condition is described?
a. Angina pectoris
b. Atherosclerosis
c. Myocardial infarction
d. Thrombophlebitis
Correct Answer: d. Thrombophlebitis
Expert Rationale:
Thrombophlebitis involves inflammation and thrombus formation in a superficial
or deep vein. Clinical manifestations include localized warmth, erythema (color
change), tenderness, and pain that may worsen at night or with palpation. While
the memory defects and headaches are atypical, the combination of
color/temperature changes with nocturnal limb pain strongly suggests venous
