CMN 554 COMPREHENSIVE EXAM STUDY
GUIDE COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS
●● Four quantitative temperament traits
Answer: Harm Avoidance, Novelty Seeking, Reward Dependence, and
Persistence.
●● Neurotransmitters involved in Harm Avoidance
Answer: GABA and Serotonin.
●● Neurotransmitter involved in Novelty Seeking
Answer: Dopamine.
●● Brain structural characteristic of high Novelty Seeking
Answer: Smaller gray matter volume bilaterally on neuroimaging.
●● Neurotransmitters involved in Reward Dependence
Answer: Norepinephrine and Serotonin.
●● Brain region that decodes social signals in Reward Dependence
Answer: The anterior temporal lobe.
,●● Neurotransmitters involved in Persistence
Answer: Glutamate and Serotonin.
●● Three dimensions of Character
Answer: Self-Directedness (executive), Cooperativeness (legislative),
and Self-Transcendence (judicial).
●● Three levels of psychodynamic defense mechanisms
Answer: Mature, Neurotic, and Immature.
●● Biopsychosocial equivalent to psychodynamic 'Ego-strength'
Answer: Self-Directedness, reflecting the virtue of hope.
●● Freud's prototype cases for personality disorders
Answer: Anna O. (1893) and Little Hans / The Rat Man (1909).
●● Physiological seat for self-awareness
Answer: Sites in the right prefrontal cortex during episodic retrieval.
●● Brain region processing all internal and external sensory milieu
Answer: The hippocampus.
, ●● Strongest predictor of personality growth rate
Answer: Self-Transcendence.
●● Brain regions responsible for emotional significance
Answer: The insula and the amygdala.
●● Brain regions involved in effortful emotional regulation (Dorsal
System)
Answer: The anterior cingulate gyrus and the prefrontal cortex.
●● Etiology of personality disorders in Attachment Theory
Answer: Failures in early childhood attachment.
●● Attributional errors in Cognitive Theory
Answer: Biased judgments and irrational thoughts formed in childhood.
●● Four areas of disturbance in personality disorders
Answer: Cognition, Affect, Interpersonal functioning, and Impulse
control.
●● State-Trait Effect: Cyclothymia shared symptoms
Answer: Shares mood swings and impulsivity with Narcissistic PD.
GUIDE COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS
●● Four quantitative temperament traits
Answer: Harm Avoidance, Novelty Seeking, Reward Dependence, and
Persistence.
●● Neurotransmitters involved in Harm Avoidance
Answer: GABA and Serotonin.
●● Neurotransmitter involved in Novelty Seeking
Answer: Dopamine.
●● Brain structural characteristic of high Novelty Seeking
Answer: Smaller gray matter volume bilaterally on neuroimaging.
●● Neurotransmitters involved in Reward Dependence
Answer: Norepinephrine and Serotonin.
●● Brain region that decodes social signals in Reward Dependence
Answer: The anterior temporal lobe.
,●● Neurotransmitters involved in Persistence
Answer: Glutamate and Serotonin.
●● Three dimensions of Character
Answer: Self-Directedness (executive), Cooperativeness (legislative),
and Self-Transcendence (judicial).
●● Three levels of psychodynamic defense mechanisms
Answer: Mature, Neurotic, and Immature.
●● Biopsychosocial equivalent to psychodynamic 'Ego-strength'
Answer: Self-Directedness, reflecting the virtue of hope.
●● Freud's prototype cases for personality disorders
Answer: Anna O. (1893) and Little Hans / The Rat Man (1909).
●● Physiological seat for self-awareness
Answer: Sites in the right prefrontal cortex during episodic retrieval.
●● Brain region processing all internal and external sensory milieu
Answer: The hippocampus.
, ●● Strongest predictor of personality growth rate
Answer: Self-Transcendence.
●● Brain regions responsible for emotional significance
Answer: The insula and the amygdala.
●● Brain regions involved in effortful emotional regulation (Dorsal
System)
Answer: The anterior cingulate gyrus and the prefrontal cortex.
●● Etiology of personality disorders in Attachment Theory
Answer: Failures in early childhood attachment.
●● Attributional errors in Cognitive Theory
Answer: Biased judgments and irrational thoughts formed in childhood.
●● Four areas of disturbance in personality disorders
Answer: Cognition, Affect, Interpersonal functioning, and Impulse
control.
●● State-Trait Effect: Cyclothymia shared symptoms
Answer: Shares mood swings and impulsivity with Narcissistic PD.
