BSN Pediatric Nursing | Final Exam Version 3 Questions With
Answers and detailed Rationales
Question 1.
According to Erikson, which developmental task should a nurse expect a 6- month-old
infant to be working on?
A. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
B. Initiative vs. Guilt
C. Trust vs. Mistrust
D. Industry vs. Inferiority
Correct Answer: C. Trust vs. Mistrust
Explanation: The task for infancy (birth to 1 year) is trust vs. mistrust, where the infant
learns to trust that their needs will be met by caregivers.
Question 2.
Which clinical manifestation is most characteristic of pyloric stenosis in an infant?
A. Severe biliary vomiting
B. Currant jelly-like stools
C. Abdominal distention and constipation
D. Projectile vomiting after feeding
Correct Answer: D. Projectile vomiting after feeding
Explanation: Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis typically presents with non-biliary, projectile
vomiting shortly after feeding in infants aged 2 to 8 weeks.
Question 3.
A child with Tetralogy of Fallot becomes acutely cyanotic and agitated. Which nursing
action is the priority?
A. Administer 100% oxygen via mask
B. Place the child in the knee-chest position
C. Obtain an arterial blood gas
D. Prepare for morphine administration
Correct Answer: B. Place the child in the knee-chest position
Explanation: Placing the child in the knee-chest position increases systemic vascular
resistance, which helps reduce the right-to-left shunt and improves oxygenation.
, Question 4.
What is the most common cause of acute glomerulonephritis in children?
A. Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal infection
B. Congenital renal anomaly
C. Urinary tract infection
D. Viral hepatitis
Correct Answer: A. Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal infection
Explanation: Acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis usually follows a respiratory or
skin infection with group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus.
Question 5.
In a child with cystic fibrosis, why are pancreatic enzymes administered with every meal
and snack?
A. To prevent the formation of gallstones
B. To facilitate the absorption of fats and proteins
C. To reduce the viscosity of respiratory secretions
D. To maintain normal blood glucose levels
Correct Answer: B. To facilitate the absorption of fats and proteins
Explanation: In cystic fibrosis, thick mucus blocks pancreatic ducts, preventing enzymes
from reaching the duodenum; exogenous enzymes are necessary for digestion.
Question 6.
Which sign is considered a late indicator of respiratory distress in an infant?
A. Nasal flaring
B. Tachypnea
C. Bradycardia
D. Intercostal retractions
Correct Answer: C. Bradycardia
Explanation: Bradycardia is often a pre-arrest sign in infants experiencing respiratory
failure, whereas tachypnea and flaring are early signs.
Question 7.
A 4-year-old child is admitted with suspected epiglottitis. Which action should the nurse
avoid?
A. Placing the child in a tripod position
B. Keeping the child as calm as possible
C. Administering humidified oxygen
D. Using a tongue blade to examine the throat
Correct Answer: D. Using a tongue blade to examine the throat
Answers and detailed Rationales
Question 1.
According to Erikson, which developmental task should a nurse expect a 6- month-old
infant to be working on?
A. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
B. Initiative vs. Guilt
C. Trust vs. Mistrust
D. Industry vs. Inferiority
Correct Answer: C. Trust vs. Mistrust
Explanation: The task for infancy (birth to 1 year) is trust vs. mistrust, where the infant
learns to trust that their needs will be met by caregivers.
Question 2.
Which clinical manifestation is most characteristic of pyloric stenosis in an infant?
A. Severe biliary vomiting
B. Currant jelly-like stools
C. Abdominal distention and constipation
D. Projectile vomiting after feeding
Correct Answer: D. Projectile vomiting after feeding
Explanation: Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis typically presents with non-biliary, projectile
vomiting shortly after feeding in infants aged 2 to 8 weeks.
Question 3.
A child with Tetralogy of Fallot becomes acutely cyanotic and agitated. Which nursing
action is the priority?
A. Administer 100% oxygen via mask
B. Place the child in the knee-chest position
C. Obtain an arterial blood gas
D. Prepare for morphine administration
Correct Answer: B. Place the child in the knee-chest position
Explanation: Placing the child in the knee-chest position increases systemic vascular
resistance, which helps reduce the right-to-left shunt and improves oxygenation.
, Question 4.
What is the most common cause of acute glomerulonephritis in children?
A. Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal infection
B. Congenital renal anomaly
C. Urinary tract infection
D. Viral hepatitis
Correct Answer: A. Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal infection
Explanation: Acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis usually follows a respiratory or
skin infection with group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus.
Question 5.
In a child with cystic fibrosis, why are pancreatic enzymes administered with every meal
and snack?
A. To prevent the formation of gallstones
B. To facilitate the absorption of fats and proteins
C. To reduce the viscosity of respiratory secretions
D. To maintain normal blood glucose levels
Correct Answer: B. To facilitate the absorption of fats and proteins
Explanation: In cystic fibrosis, thick mucus blocks pancreatic ducts, preventing enzymes
from reaching the duodenum; exogenous enzymes are necessary for digestion.
Question 6.
Which sign is considered a late indicator of respiratory distress in an infant?
A. Nasal flaring
B. Tachypnea
C. Bradycardia
D. Intercostal retractions
Correct Answer: C. Bradycardia
Explanation: Bradycardia is often a pre-arrest sign in infants experiencing respiratory
failure, whereas tachypnea and flaring are early signs.
Question 7.
A 4-year-old child is admitted with suspected epiglottitis. Which action should the nurse
avoid?
A. Placing the child in a tripod position
B. Keeping the child as calm as possible
C. Administering humidified oxygen
D. Using a tongue blade to examine the throat
Correct Answer: D. Using a tongue blade to examine the throat
