BSN Pediatric Nursing | Exam 9 Questions With Answers and
detailed Rationales
Question 1.
At what age does an infant’s birth weight typically double?
A. 4 months
B. 9 months
C. 6 months
D. 12 months
Correct Answer: C. 6 months
Explanation: Birth weight usually doubles by 6 months of age and triples by 1 year of
age.
Question 2.
The nurse is assessing a 4-month-old infant. Which fontanel should be closed by this age?
A. Anterior fontanel
B. Posterior fontanel
C. Frontal fontanel
D. Mastoid fontanel
Correct Answer: B. Posterior fontanel
Explanation: The posterior fontanel typically closes by 2 to 3 months of age, while the
anterior fontanel closes between 12 and 18 months.
Question 3.
A child with Tetralogy of Fallot becomes cyanotic and dyspneic. Which position should the
nurse place the child in?
A. Knee-chest
B. Supine
C. High Fowler’s
D. Side-lying
Correct Answer: A. Knee-chest
Explanation: The knee-chest position increases systemic vascular resistance, which helps
reduce the right-to-left shunt and improves oxygenation during a ‘tet’ spell.
, Question 4.
Which clinical manifestation is a hallmark sign of pyloric stenosis?
A. Currant jelly-like stools
B. Projectile vomiting
C. Ribbon-like stools
D. Bile-stained emesis
Correct Answer: B. Projectile vomiting
Explanation: Projectile vomiting after feeding is the classic sign of hypertrophic pyloric
stenosis due to the obstruction at the gastric outlet.
Question 5.
When teaching parents about dietary management for a child with Cystic Fibrosis, the
nurse should emphasize:
A. High calorie, high protein diet
B. Low calorie, low protein diet
C. Fluid restriction to reduce secretions
D. Low sodium intake
Correct Answer: A. High calorie, high protein diet
Explanation: Children with CF require a high-calorie, high-protein diet to compensate for
malabsorption and increased metabolic needs.
Question 6.
A toddler is admitted with suspected intussusception. Which type of stool does the nurse
expect to observe?
A. Steatorrhea
B. Currant jelly stool
C. Hard, marble-like stool
D. Melena
Correct Answer: B. Currant jelly stool
Explanation: Intussusception causes intestinal obstruction and ischemia, leading to
stools mixed with blood and mucus, often described as ‘currant jelly’ stools.
Question 7.
What is the priority nursing intervention for a child diagnosed with Epiglottitis?
A. Examine the throat with a tongue blade
B. Obtain a throat culture
C. Maintain a patent airway
D. Apply a warm compress to the neck
Correct Answer: C. Maintain a patent airway
detailed Rationales
Question 1.
At what age does an infant’s birth weight typically double?
A. 4 months
B. 9 months
C. 6 months
D. 12 months
Correct Answer: C. 6 months
Explanation: Birth weight usually doubles by 6 months of age and triples by 1 year of
age.
Question 2.
The nurse is assessing a 4-month-old infant. Which fontanel should be closed by this age?
A. Anterior fontanel
B. Posterior fontanel
C. Frontal fontanel
D. Mastoid fontanel
Correct Answer: B. Posterior fontanel
Explanation: The posterior fontanel typically closes by 2 to 3 months of age, while the
anterior fontanel closes between 12 and 18 months.
Question 3.
A child with Tetralogy of Fallot becomes cyanotic and dyspneic. Which position should the
nurse place the child in?
A. Knee-chest
B. Supine
C. High Fowler’s
D. Side-lying
Correct Answer: A. Knee-chest
Explanation: The knee-chest position increases systemic vascular resistance, which helps
reduce the right-to-left shunt and improves oxygenation during a ‘tet’ spell.
, Question 4.
Which clinical manifestation is a hallmark sign of pyloric stenosis?
A. Currant jelly-like stools
B. Projectile vomiting
C. Ribbon-like stools
D. Bile-stained emesis
Correct Answer: B. Projectile vomiting
Explanation: Projectile vomiting after feeding is the classic sign of hypertrophic pyloric
stenosis due to the obstruction at the gastric outlet.
Question 5.
When teaching parents about dietary management for a child with Cystic Fibrosis, the
nurse should emphasize:
A. High calorie, high protein diet
B. Low calorie, low protein diet
C. Fluid restriction to reduce secretions
D. Low sodium intake
Correct Answer: A. High calorie, high protein diet
Explanation: Children with CF require a high-calorie, high-protein diet to compensate for
malabsorption and increased metabolic needs.
Question 6.
A toddler is admitted with suspected intussusception. Which type of stool does the nurse
expect to observe?
A. Steatorrhea
B. Currant jelly stool
C. Hard, marble-like stool
D. Melena
Correct Answer: B. Currant jelly stool
Explanation: Intussusception causes intestinal obstruction and ischemia, leading to
stools mixed with blood and mucus, often described as ‘currant jelly’ stools.
Question 7.
What is the priority nursing intervention for a child diagnosed with Epiglottitis?
A. Examine the throat with a tongue blade
B. Obtain a throat culture
C. Maintain a patent airway
D. Apply a warm compress to the neck
Correct Answer: C. Maintain a patent airway
