CLINICAL RESEARCH APPLICATIONS TO
EVIDENCE BASED PRACTICE TEST BANK
COMPLETE PRACTICE QUESTIONS EXPERT
REVIEW
●● 3 pillars of EBP/EBM
Answer: Best Available Research Evidence, Individual Clinical
Experience, and Patient Values & Expectations.
●● Relationship between clinical experience and quality of health care
Answer: The conclusion was that the less years of clinical experience,
the higher quality of care. The more clinical experience, the less quality
of healthcare that was present.
●● Fundamental Principles of EBP
Answer: There is a Hierarchy of Evidence and the evidence is never
enough.
●● Hierarchy of Evidence
Answer: A structured ranking of evidence where systematic reviews are
at the top and expert opinion at the bottom.
●● Levels of the Hierarchy of Evidence
,Answer: Level 1: Systematic Reviews of Randomized Controlled Trials,
Level 2: Randomized Controlled Trials, Level 2b: Systematic Reviews
of Cohort Studies, Level 3a: Systematic Reviews of Case Control
Studies, Level 3b: Case Control Study, Level 4: Case Study or Case
Series, Level 5: Expert Opinion.
●● Qualitative Research
Answer: Domain for social scientists and anthropologists that answers
questions like who, what, why, when and how, and tries to unpack and
understand the nature of a phenomenon.
●● Quantitative Research
Answer: Domain for epidemiologists and economists that answers the
question of how much and considers the idea of magnitude.
●● Nuremberg Trials
Answer: Historical events that highlighted the need for strict ethical
guidelines in research due to the unethical and inhumane experiments
conducted by Nazi physicians on humans.
●● Untreated Syphilis Study at Tuskegee
Answer: A study where black American males were enrolled to learn
about the natural course of untreated syphilis without being informed of
their condition or treatment options.
, ●● Clinical Experience
Answer: The practical knowledge gained through direct observation and
participation in patient care.
●● Patient Values
Answer: The preferences and expectations of patients that should be
considered in healthcare decisions.
●● Clinical Reasoning
Answer: The process by which healthcare providers make decisions
based on clinical experience and evidence.
●● Benefits vs. Risks
Answer: A consideration in EBP that weighs the positive outcomes
against potential negative consequences of a treatment.
●● Cost
Answer: The financial implications associated with healthcare decisions
and treatments.
●● Patient Access
Answer: The availability of healthcare services to patients, which can be
influenced by various barriers.
EVIDENCE BASED PRACTICE TEST BANK
COMPLETE PRACTICE QUESTIONS EXPERT
REVIEW
●● 3 pillars of EBP/EBM
Answer: Best Available Research Evidence, Individual Clinical
Experience, and Patient Values & Expectations.
●● Relationship between clinical experience and quality of health care
Answer: The conclusion was that the less years of clinical experience,
the higher quality of care. The more clinical experience, the less quality
of healthcare that was present.
●● Fundamental Principles of EBP
Answer: There is a Hierarchy of Evidence and the evidence is never
enough.
●● Hierarchy of Evidence
Answer: A structured ranking of evidence where systematic reviews are
at the top and expert opinion at the bottom.
●● Levels of the Hierarchy of Evidence
,Answer: Level 1: Systematic Reviews of Randomized Controlled Trials,
Level 2: Randomized Controlled Trials, Level 2b: Systematic Reviews
of Cohort Studies, Level 3a: Systematic Reviews of Case Control
Studies, Level 3b: Case Control Study, Level 4: Case Study or Case
Series, Level 5: Expert Opinion.
●● Qualitative Research
Answer: Domain for social scientists and anthropologists that answers
questions like who, what, why, when and how, and tries to unpack and
understand the nature of a phenomenon.
●● Quantitative Research
Answer: Domain for epidemiologists and economists that answers the
question of how much and considers the idea of magnitude.
●● Nuremberg Trials
Answer: Historical events that highlighted the need for strict ethical
guidelines in research due to the unethical and inhumane experiments
conducted by Nazi physicians on humans.
●● Untreated Syphilis Study at Tuskegee
Answer: A study where black American males were enrolled to learn
about the natural course of untreated syphilis without being informed of
their condition or treatment options.
, ●● Clinical Experience
Answer: The practical knowledge gained through direct observation and
participation in patient care.
●● Patient Values
Answer: The preferences and expectations of patients that should be
considered in healthcare decisions.
●● Clinical Reasoning
Answer: The process by which healthcare providers make decisions
based on clinical experience and evidence.
●● Benefits vs. Risks
Answer: A consideration in EBP that weighs the positive outcomes
against potential negative consequences of a treatment.
●● Cost
Answer: The financial implications associated with healthcare decisions
and treatments.
●● Patient Access
Answer: The availability of healthcare services to patients, which can be
influenced by various barriers.
