NURS 307 PEDS QUIZ 5 | QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | 2026/2027 UPDATED | SOLVED 100% CORRECT - WCU

NURS 307 PEDS QUIZ 5 | QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | 2026/2027 UPDATED | SOLVED 100% CORRECT - WCU Question 1 A 6-month-old infant is diagnosed with bronchiolitis caused by Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV). Which nursing intervention is the highest priority? A) Administering oral ribavirin every 6 hours B) Maintaining strict intake and output records C) Suctioning the nares and providing humidified oxygen D) Placing the infant in an infant seat to promote lung expansion Correct Answer: C) Suctioning the nares and providing humidified oxygen Rationale: RSV bronchiolitis causes inflammation and mucus production in the small airways, leading to respiratory distress. Maintaining a patent airway through suctioning and providing humidified oxygen to improve oxygenation are the highest priorities. Infants are obligate nose breathers, so nasal suctioning is critical for maintaining airway patency. ________________________________________ Question 2 The nurse is caring for a child with Cystic Fibrosis. Which medication should the nurse administer first to facilitate mucus clearance? A) Pancreatic enzymes B) Albuterol nebulizer C) Dornase alfa (Pulmozyme) D) Hypertonic saline nebulizer Correct Answer: B) Albuterol nebulizer Rationale: Bronchodilators such as albuterol should be administered first to open the airways, followed by hypertonic saline and dornase alfa to thin secretions, and finally chest physiotherapy to mobilize mucus. Pancreatic enzymes are administered with meals and snacks. ________________________________________ Question 3 A 2-year-old child with Kawasaki Disease is receiving aspirin therapy. Which laboratory value should the nurse monitor closely? A) White blood cell count B) Hemoglobin and hematocrit C) Liver function tests D) Platelet count Correct Answer: D) Platelet count Rationale: Kawasaki Disease causes inflammation of the coronary arteries and can lead to thrombocytosis (elevated platelets). Aspirin is given to reduce inflammation and prevent clot formation, but the platelet count must be monitored because if it becomes too high, the child may be at risk for thrombosis despite aspirin therapy. ________________________________________ Question 4 The nurse is assessing a child with suspected Appendicitis. Which finding is most concerning and indicates possible perforation? A) Rebound tenderness in the right lower quadrant B) Sudden relief of severe pain followed by abdominal distension C) Nausea and vomiting D) Low-grade fever and elevated white blood cell count Correct Answer: B) Sudden relief of severe pain followed by abdominal distension Rationale: A sudden relief of severe pain in a child with appendicitis may indicate that the appendix has perforated, releasing pressure. This is followed by signs of peritonitis, including abdominal distension, rigidity, and worsening symptoms. Rebound tenderness may also be present, but the sudden pain relief is the classic sign of perforation. ________________________________________ Question 5 A 4-week-old infant presents with failure to thrive, vomiting, and lethargy. The nurse suspects Phenylketonuria (PKU). Which finding would support this diagnosis? A) Elevated blood glucose levels B) Musty or mousy odor to the urine C) Excessive thirst and polyuria D) Hyponatremia and hyperkalemia Correct Answer: B) Musty or mousy odor to the urine Rationale: PKU is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by a deficiency of phenylalanine hydroxylase, leading to accumulation of phenylalanine. The buildup of phenylalanine metabolites gives the urine and sweat a characteristic musty or mousy odor. Newborn screening is performed to detect PKU early. ________________________________________ Question 6 The nurse is educating parents of a child with Sickle Cell Anemia. Which statement indicates the parent understands how to prevent a sickle cell crisis? A) "We should keep our child warm and avoid cold temperatures." B) "We should limit our child's fluid intake to prevent overhydration." C) "Our child should avoid all physical activity to prevent fatigue." D) "We should give aspirin daily to prevent blood clots." Correct Answer: A) "We should keep our child warm and avoid cold temperatures." Rationale: Cold temperatures cause vasoconstriction, which can trigger sickling and lead to a vaso-occlusive crisis. Keeping the child warm, maintaining adequate hydration, avoiding high altitudes, and managing infections are key preventative measures. Aspirin is contraindicated due to Reye's syndrome risk. ________________________________________ Question 7 A child with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) is receiving chemotherapy. Which nursing intervention is most important to prevent tumor lysis syndrome? A) Restricting oral fluids B) Administering allopurinol as prescribed C) Monitoring for signs of dehydration D) Encouraging a high-calorie diet Correct Answer: B) Administering allopurinol as prescribed