NSNE 7100 FINAL EXAM WITH CORRECT
ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECTLY
WELL DEFINED ANSWERS LATEST
ALREADY GRADED A+
What are the 5 key features of fetal circulation? - ANSWERS-
1) Fetal oxygen needs are relatively low ("relative hypoxia")
2) The placenta is the organ of gas exchange
3) The fetal lungs are hypo-perfused and fluid filled
4) The fetal brain and heart have the highest oxygen needs
5) Right-to-left shunting occurs through the foramen ovale
and ductus arteriosus
High pulmonary pressure diverts blood away from the lungs
through the... - ANSWERS-Foramen vale into the low
pressure left atrium.
Explain what is meant by the expression "the fetus exists in
a state of relative hypoxemia." - ANSWERS-refers to the low
fetal pO2 , which, at 30, would cause tissue hypoxia in
,extrauterine life. However, in utero, fetal oxygen needs are
low, meaning that the pO2 of 30 is sufficient to meet the
fetal tissue oxygen needs. Therefore, the fetus does not
suffer tissue hypoxia.
Why are fetal oxygen needs low? - ANSWERS-because the
maternal system is conducting many oxygen using functions
such as metabolism, digestion, thermoregulation. In
addition, ventilation, which uses a great deal of energy and
oxygen, is not occurring in the fetus.
What effects does the low fetal pO2 have on the pulmonary
vessels and the ductus arteriosus? - ANSWERS-The fetal pO2
of 30 results in pulmonary vasoconstriction and causes
dilation of the ductus arteriosus.
Pulmonary vasoconstriction leads to increased pulmonary
vascular resistance, high pulmonary artery pressure, right to
left shunting, and pulmonary hypoperfusion.
Which side of the fetal heart has higher pressure? Why? -
ANSWERS-The right side of the heart, because it is pumping
blood to collapsed, fluid-filled, vasoconstricted lungs
,Which direction blood will flow through the foramen ovale
and the ductus arteriosus? - ANSWERS-Blood will flow
through both the foramen ovale and the ductus arteriosus
in a right-to-left direction.
How do the foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus enable the
brain and heart to receive the most highly oxygenated
blood? - ANSWERS-The foramen ovale gets well-oxygenated
blood from the right atrium into the left atrium. From there
this blood enters the left ventricle and then into the aorta.
When is the fetus most vulnerable to teratogens? Why? -
ANSWERS-First trimester, because cell division and
organogenesis occur extremely rapidly. So, teratogens could
disturb fetal development and cause permanent damage to
the embryo.
What is the acronym "TORCH"? What does TORCH describe?
- ANSWERS-Torch describes various maternal infections
known to cause congenital malformations and disorders.
Toxoplasmosis
Other (gonorrhea, Hep B, syphilis, varicella-zoster,
parvovirus B19, and HIV)
Rubella
, Cytomegalovirus
Herpes simplex virus
What is toxoplasmosis? How can it be prevented in
pregnant women? - ANSWERS-A parasitic infection
transmitted to humans from infected cat feces, undercooked
meats/seafood, unpasteurized milk, and contaminated soil.
Women should use gloves and wash their hands if they have
to change kitty litter.
What is syphilis? When can women be screened? -
ANSWERS-It is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) can
result in spontaneous abortion and if the pregnancy
survives can cause serious deformities in a growing fetus.
All pregnant women are offered a screening test for STIs in
the first trimester.
What is the effect of varicella (chicken pox) on a fetus in
early pregnancy? - ANSWERS-limb hypoplasia, fetal death,
damage to the CNS, and eye abnormalities
ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECTLY
WELL DEFINED ANSWERS LATEST
ALREADY GRADED A+
What are the 5 key features of fetal circulation? - ANSWERS-
1) Fetal oxygen needs are relatively low ("relative hypoxia")
2) The placenta is the organ of gas exchange
3) The fetal lungs are hypo-perfused and fluid filled
4) The fetal brain and heart have the highest oxygen needs
5) Right-to-left shunting occurs through the foramen ovale
and ductus arteriosus
High pulmonary pressure diverts blood away from the lungs
through the... - ANSWERS-Foramen vale into the low
pressure left atrium.
Explain what is meant by the expression "the fetus exists in
a state of relative hypoxemia." - ANSWERS-refers to the low
fetal pO2 , which, at 30, would cause tissue hypoxia in
,extrauterine life. However, in utero, fetal oxygen needs are
low, meaning that the pO2 of 30 is sufficient to meet the
fetal tissue oxygen needs. Therefore, the fetus does not
suffer tissue hypoxia.
Why are fetal oxygen needs low? - ANSWERS-because the
maternal system is conducting many oxygen using functions
such as metabolism, digestion, thermoregulation. In
addition, ventilation, which uses a great deal of energy and
oxygen, is not occurring in the fetus.
What effects does the low fetal pO2 have on the pulmonary
vessels and the ductus arteriosus? - ANSWERS-The fetal pO2
of 30 results in pulmonary vasoconstriction and causes
dilation of the ductus arteriosus.
Pulmonary vasoconstriction leads to increased pulmonary
vascular resistance, high pulmonary artery pressure, right to
left shunting, and pulmonary hypoperfusion.
Which side of the fetal heart has higher pressure? Why? -
ANSWERS-The right side of the heart, because it is pumping
blood to collapsed, fluid-filled, vasoconstricted lungs
,Which direction blood will flow through the foramen ovale
and the ductus arteriosus? - ANSWERS-Blood will flow
through both the foramen ovale and the ductus arteriosus
in a right-to-left direction.
How do the foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus enable the
brain and heart to receive the most highly oxygenated
blood? - ANSWERS-The foramen ovale gets well-oxygenated
blood from the right atrium into the left atrium. From there
this blood enters the left ventricle and then into the aorta.
When is the fetus most vulnerable to teratogens? Why? -
ANSWERS-First trimester, because cell division and
organogenesis occur extremely rapidly. So, teratogens could
disturb fetal development and cause permanent damage to
the embryo.
What is the acronym "TORCH"? What does TORCH describe?
- ANSWERS-Torch describes various maternal infections
known to cause congenital malformations and disorders.
Toxoplasmosis
Other (gonorrhea, Hep B, syphilis, varicella-zoster,
parvovirus B19, and HIV)
Rubella
, Cytomegalovirus
Herpes simplex virus
What is toxoplasmosis? How can it be prevented in
pregnant women? - ANSWERS-A parasitic infection
transmitted to humans from infected cat feces, undercooked
meats/seafood, unpasteurized milk, and contaminated soil.
Women should use gloves and wash their hands if they have
to change kitty litter.
What is syphilis? When can women be screened? -
ANSWERS-It is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) can
result in spontaneous abortion and if the pregnancy
survives can cause serious deformities in a growing fetus.
All pregnant women are offered a screening test for STIs in
the first trimester.
What is the effect of varicella (chicken pox) on a fetus in
early pregnancy? - ANSWERS-limb hypoplasia, fetal death,
damage to the CNS, and eye abnormalities
