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Exam (elaborations)

NSG 5003 Chapter 40 – Structure & Function of the Digestive System Study Guide

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Review NSG 5003 Chapter 40: Structure and Function of the Digestive System with this focused nursing study resource. Designed for nursing students, this material can help reinforce gastrointestinal concepts, support coursework, and prepare for quizzes and examinations. Key topics may include: Structure of the digestive system Functions of the gastrointestinal tract Oral cavity, pharynx and esophagus Stomach structure and function Small and large intestines Liver, gallbladder and pancreas Digestion and absorption Gastrointestinal motility Nutrient metabolism Digestive system assessment Common gastrointestinal disorders Nursing considerations and patient education

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NSGvn5003vnChaptervn40:vnStructurevnandvnFunctionvnofvnthevnDigestivevn
System


Invnthevnmouthvnandvnstomach,vnsalivaryvn-
amylasevninitiatesvnthevndigestionvnofvnwhichvnnutrients?
a.vnProteinsvn
b.vnCarbohydratesvn
c.vnFats

d.vnFibervn-vncorrectvnanswer✔ ✔ ANS:vnB

Salivaryvn-
amylasevnisvnanvnenzymevnthatvninitiatesvnonlyvncarbohydratevndigestionvninvnt
hevnmouthvnand
stomach.


Whichvnelementsvninvnsalivavnprotectvnagainstvntoothvndecay?
a.vnSalivaryvn-amylasevnandvnptyalin
b.vnSecretinvnandvnIgA
c.vnEndogenousvnenamelinvnandvnsalivaryvn-amylase

d.vnExogenousvnfluoridevnandvnavnpHvnofvn7.4vn-vncorrectvnanswer✔ ✔
ANS:vnD
ThevnbicarbonatevnconcentrationvnofvnsalivavnsustainsvnavnpHvnofvnapproximat
elyvn7.4,vnwhichvnneutralizes

,bacterialvnacidsvnandvnpreventsvntoothvndecay.vnExogenousvnfluoridevn(e.g.,vnfl
uoridevninvndrinkingvnwater)
isvnabsorbedvnandvnthenvnsecretedvninvnthevnsaliva,vnprovidingvnadditionalvnprot
ectionvnagainstvntooth
decay.


Salivavncontainsvnwhichvnimmunoglobulinvn(Ig)?
a.vnIgAvn
b.vnIgE
c.vnIgG

d.vnIgMvn-vncorrectvnanswer✔ ✔ ANS:vnA
vn



SalivavncontainsvnonlyvnIgA,vnwhichvnhelpsvnpreventvninfection.


Whatvneffectvnisvnavnresultvnofvninhibitingvnthevnparasympatheticvnnervousvnsys
temvnwithvnavndrugvnsuchvnas
atropine?
a.vnSalivationvnbecomesvnthinner.vn
b.vnSalivationvndecreases.vn
c.vnThevnpHvnofvnsalivavnchanges.

d.vnDigestivevnenzymesvnarevninhibited.vn-vncorrectvnanswer✔ ✔ ANS:vnB

Thevnsympatheticvnandvnparasympatheticvndivisionsvnofvnthevnautonomicvnner
vousvnsystemvncontrol

, salivation.vnBecausevncholinergicvnparasympatheticvnfibersvnstimulatevnthevns
alivaryvnglands,vnatropine
(anvnanticholinergicvnagent)vninhibitsvnsalivationvnandvnmakesvnthevnmouthvndr
y.


5.vnFoodvnentersvnthevnstomachvnviavnwhichvnsphincter?
a.vnCardiacvn
b.vnUppervnesophageal
c.vnGastric

d.vnFundalvn-vncorrectvnanswer✔ ✔ ANS:vnA
vn



Eachvnendvnofvnthevnesophagusvnisvnopenedvnandvnclosedvnbyvnavnsphincter.vnTh
evnuppervnesophageal
sphinctervn(cricopharyngealvnmuscle)vnpreventsvnentryvnofvnairvnintovnthevneso
phagusvnduring
respiration.vnThevnlowervnesophagealvnsphinctervn(cardiacvnsphincter)vnpreve
ntsvnregurgitationvnfrom
thevnstomach.vnThevnlowervnesophagealvnsphinctervnisvnlocatedvnnearvnthevneso
phagealvnhiatus—the
openingvninvnthevndiaphragmvnwherevnthevnesophagusvnendsvnatvnthevnstomach.


Whichvngastricvncellsvnsecretevnhydrochloricvnacidvnandvnintrinsicvnfactor?
a.vnParietalvn
b.vnChiefvn

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