Whatvnisvnthevneffectvnofvnoxidizedvnlow-
densityvnlipoproteinsvn(LDLs)vninvnatherosclerosis?
A)vnLDLsvncausevnsmoothvnmusclevnproliferation
B)vnLDLsvncausevnregressionvnofvnatheroscleroticvnplaques
C)vnLDLsvnincreasevnlevelsvnofvninflammatoryvncytokines
D)vnLDLsvndirectvnmicrophagesvntovnthevnsitevninvnthevnendotheliumvn-
vncorrectvnanswer✔ ✔ Ans:vnA-
vnLDLsvncausevnsmoothvnmusclevnproliferation
Whichvninflammatoryvncytokinesvnarevnreleasedvnwhenvnendothelialvncellsvnar
evninjured?
A)vngranulocyte-macrophagevncolony-stimulatingvnfactorvn(GM-CSF)
B)vninterferon-betavn(IFN-β),vninterleukinvn6vn(IL-
6),vnandvngranulocytevncolony-stimulatingvnfactorvn(G-CSF)
C)vntumorvnnecrosisvnfactor-alphavn(TNF-α),vninterferon-gammavn(IFN-
γ),vnandvninterleukinvn1vn(IL-1)
D)vninterferon-alphavn(IFN-α),vninterleukinvn12vn(IL-
12),vnandvnmacrophagevncolony-stimulatingvnfactorvn(M-CSF)vn-
, correctvnanswer✔ ✔ Ans:vnC-vntumorvnnecrosisvnfactor-alphavn(TNF-
vn
α),vninterferon-gammavn(IFN-γ),vnandvninterleukinvn1vn(IL-1)
Whenvnendotheliavncellsvnarevninjured,vnwhichvnalterationvncontributesvntovnat
herosclerosis?
A)vntoxicvnoxygenvnradicalsvnthatvnoxidizevnlow-
densityvnlipoproteinsvn(LDLs)vnarevnreleased
B)vncellsvnarevnunablevntovnmakevnthevnnormalvnamountvnofvnvasodilationvncyto
kines
C)vncellsvnproducevnanvnincreasedvnamountvnofvnanti-thromboticvncytokines
D)vncellsvndevelopvnhypersensitivityvntovnhomocysteinevnandvnlipidsvn-
vncorrectvnanswer✔ ✔ Ans:vnB-
vncellsvnarevnunablevntovnmakevnthevnnormalvnamountvnofvnvasodilationvncytokin
es
Whichvnfactorvnisvnresponsiblevnforvnhypertrophyvnofvnthevnmyocardiumvnasso
ciatedvnwithvnhypertension?
A)vnincreasedvnnorepinephrine
B)vnadducin
C)vnangiotensinvnII
D)insulinvnresistancevn-vncorrectvnanswer✔ ✔ Ans:vnC-vnangiotensinvnII