CITP EXAM 1 SKILLS DEVELOPMENT GUIDE
2026 CRITICAL THINKING AND IT
FRAMEWORKS REVIEW
◉ Nolle Prosequi
Answer: - Formal entry by a prosecutor that they will not further
prosecute a case
- Must be made before the swearing of a jury or before the first
witness at bench trial
◉ Remand for Cause
Answer: - when an appellate court sends a case back to trial court
due to an error committed in the original trial
◉ Self-Incrimination only applies to...
Answer: - Testimonial Evidence
◉ Self-Incrimination: For a person to assert privilege the following
need to be met...
Answer: - No person
- Compelled
- Criminal Case
, - To be a witness
- Against themselves
◉ Use Immunity
Answer: - specialized circumstances when the government can
compel a witness who otherwise validly invokes their privilege to
testify
- RARE
◉ A seizure must be ___________________ ______________________ (meaning
reasonable in its inception), the degree of force used, and its
duration.
Answer: - objectively reasonable
◉ Graham's Objective Standard
Answer: - Judges officers through the lens of a reasonable officer:
therefore the subjective (opinion) beliefs of the officer are not
relevant
◉ Graham's 4 Factors
Answer: - Severity of the crime ( refers to the reason for seizing
someone in the first place)
- The immediacy of the threat (considered the most important
Graham factor)
2026 CRITICAL THINKING AND IT
FRAMEWORKS REVIEW
◉ Nolle Prosequi
Answer: - Formal entry by a prosecutor that they will not further
prosecute a case
- Must be made before the swearing of a jury or before the first
witness at bench trial
◉ Remand for Cause
Answer: - when an appellate court sends a case back to trial court
due to an error committed in the original trial
◉ Self-Incrimination only applies to...
Answer: - Testimonial Evidence
◉ Self-Incrimination: For a person to assert privilege the following
need to be met...
Answer: - No person
- Compelled
- Criminal Case
, - To be a witness
- Against themselves
◉ Use Immunity
Answer: - specialized circumstances when the government can
compel a witness who otherwise validly invokes their privilege to
testify
- RARE
◉ A seizure must be ___________________ ______________________ (meaning
reasonable in its inception), the degree of force used, and its
duration.
Answer: - objectively reasonable
◉ Graham's Objective Standard
Answer: - Judges officers through the lens of a reasonable officer:
therefore the subjective (opinion) beliefs of the officer are not
relevant
◉ Graham's 4 Factors
Answer: - Severity of the crime ( refers to the reason for seizing
someone in the first place)
- The immediacy of the threat (considered the most important
Graham factor)
