RNC-NIC: FLUID, ELECTROLYTES, AND NUTRITION | QUESTIONS & ANSWERS | GRADE A | 100% CORRECT (2026/2027)
As GA increases, total body water (increases/decreases). ✔️decreases
Why do babies lose weight in the first week of life? ✔️the physiologic contraction of extracellular fluid volume causes diuresis
What causes insensible water loss? ✔️evaporative water loss via the skin and respiratory tract
As GA increases, insensible water loss (increases/decreases). ✔️decreases
What are some normal sources of insensible water loss? ✔️-skin
-respiration
-stool
-urine
What are some abnormal sources of insensible water loss? ✔️-ileostomy
-colostomy
-chest tube
-diarrhea
-vomiting
-gastric decompression
What are some ways that we can reduce insensible water loss? ✔️-double walled isolettes
-isolette humidity
-plastic wrap/small baby bag
-humidify respiratory support
-hats
What are our goals for daily weight gain after the initial weight loss due to diuresis? ✔️10-15 g/kg/day
What is starting total fluid goal for a term neonate? ✔️60ml/kg/day
By what amount should we increase TFG per day until we reach our goal? ✔️10-20ml/kg/day
What are some reasons that we would restrict a baby's total fluids? ✔️-weight increase during first week of life with low urine output
-PDA
-RDS, BPD
-CHF/pulmonary edema
-IVH/meningitis
-birth asphyxia
-kidney disease
What is the normal range for serum sodium? ✔️135-145 mEq/L
What are the functions of sodium? ✔️-maintains osmotic pressure (water follows sodium)
-cell growth
-maintains membrane potentials
As GA increases, total body water (increases/decreases). ✔️decreases
Why do babies lose weight in the first week of life? ✔️the physiologic contraction of extracellular fluid volume causes diuresis
What causes insensible water loss? ✔️evaporative water loss via the skin and respiratory tract
As GA increases, insensible water loss (increases/decreases). ✔️decreases
What are some normal sources of insensible water loss? ✔️-skin
-respiration
-stool
-urine
What are some abnormal sources of insensible water loss? ✔️-ileostomy
-colostomy
-chest tube
-diarrhea
-vomiting
-gastric decompression
What are some ways that we can reduce insensible water loss? ✔️-double walled isolettes
-isolette humidity
-plastic wrap/small baby bag
-humidify respiratory support
-hats
What are our goals for daily weight gain after the initial weight loss due to diuresis? ✔️10-15 g/kg/day
What is starting total fluid goal for a term neonate? ✔️60ml/kg/day
By what amount should we increase TFG per day until we reach our goal? ✔️10-20ml/kg/day
What are some reasons that we would restrict a baby's total fluids? ✔️-weight increase during first week of life with low urine output
-PDA
-RDS, BPD
-CHF/pulmonary edema
-IVH/meningitis
-birth asphyxia
-kidney disease
What is the normal range for serum sodium? ✔️135-145 mEq/L
What are the functions of sodium? ✔️-maintains osmotic pressure (water follows sodium)
-cell growth
-maintains membrane potentials
