Latest ATI RN Nutrition CMS Proctored Exam verified with correct
answers plus rationales 2026/2027 instant pdf
1. A nurse is teaching a client about macronutrients. Which nutrient provides the greatest
amount of energy per gram?
A. Carbohydrates
B. Protein
C. Fat
D. Water
Answer: C. Fat.
Rationale: Fat provides approximately 9 kcal/g, whereas carbohydrates and protein provide
approximately 4 kcal/g.
2. A nurse is reinforcing nutrition teaching for a client who has type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Which recommendation is appropriate?
A. Eliminate all carbohydrates
B. Maintain consistent carbohydrate intake
C. Consume only protein at meals
D. Avoid all fruits
Answer: B. Maintain consistent carbohydrate intake.
Rationale: Consistent carbohydrate intake helps promote predictable blood glucose levels and
coordinate nutrition with prescribed medications.
3. Which food is the best source of potassium?
A. White bread
B. Baked potato
C. Cheddar cheese
D. White rice
Answer: B. Baked potato.
,Rationale: Potatoes are potassium-rich foods. Other potassium-rich choices include bananas,
beans, spinach, tomatoes, and avocados.
4. A nurse is teaching a client about folate during pregnancy. Which food is a good source
of folate?
A. Leafy green vegetables
B. Butter
C. Hard candy
D. Bacon
Answer: A. Leafy green vegetables.
Rationale: Folate is important before and during pregnancy because adequate intake helps
reduce the risk of neural tube defects. Other sources include fortified grains and legumes.
5. A client follows a lacto-ovo vegetarian diet. Which food can the client consume?
A. Chicken
B. Fish
C. Eggs
D. Beef
Answer: C. Eggs.
Rationale: Lacto-ovo vegetarians generally consume dairy products and eggs but avoid meat,
poultry, and fish.
6. Which food selection indicates understanding of a low-sodium diet?
A. Ham
B. Canned soup
C. Fresh grilled chicken
D. Pickles
Answer: C. Fresh grilled chicken.
Rationale: Fresh, minimally processed foods generally contain less sodium than processed
meats, canned soups, and pickled foods.
,7. A client is prescribed a 2-g sodium diet for heart failure. Which food should the nurse
recommend?
A. Ham sandwich
B. Canned vegetable soup
C. Grilled chicken with steamed rice
D. Pickled vegetables
Answer: C. Grilled chicken with steamed rice.
Rationale: Fresh foods are generally preferable for sodium restriction. Processed meats, canned
soups, and pickled foods can contain substantial sodium.
8. Which food is highest in calcium?
A. Milk
B. Apples
C. White rice
D. Chicken broth
Answer: A. Milk.
Rationale: Milk and other dairy products are important dietary sources of calcium, which is
necessary for bone health.
9. A nurse is teaching a client about preventing osteoporosis. Which recommendation
should the nurse include?
A. Avoid weight-bearing activity
B. Maintain adequate calcium and vitamin D intake
C. Eliminate dairy products
D. Restrict all dietary protein
Answer: B. Maintain adequate calcium and vitamin D intake.
Rationale: Calcium and vitamin D support bone mineralization. Weight-bearing physical activity
also contributes to bone health.
, 10. Which vitamin deficiency is associated with night blindness?
A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin C
C. Vitamin K
D. Vitamin B12
Answer: A. Vitamin A.
Rationale: Vitamin A is important for normal vision. Deficiency can cause impaired dark
adaptation and night blindness.
11. Which finding is associated with vitamin C deficiency?
A. Scurvy and bleeding gums
B. Night blindness
C. Goiter
D. Neural tube defects
Answer: A. Scurvy and bleeding gums.
Rationale: Vitamin C is important for collagen formation and wound healing. Deficiency can
cause scurvy, bleeding gums, and impaired wound healing.
12. Which nutrient is especially important for blood clotting?
A. Vitamin K
B. Vitamin C
C. Vitamin D
D. Vitamin B1
Answer: A. Vitamin K.
Rationale: Vitamin K is required for synthesis of several clotting factors.
13. A client has iron-deficiency anemia. Which food should the nurse recommend?
A. Lean red meat
B. Butter
answers plus rationales 2026/2027 instant pdf
1. A nurse is teaching a client about macronutrients. Which nutrient provides the greatest
amount of energy per gram?
A. Carbohydrates
B. Protein
C. Fat
D. Water
Answer: C. Fat.
Rationale: Fat provides approximately 9 kcal/g, whereas carbohydrates and protein provide
approximately 4 kcal/g.
2. A nurse is reinforcing nutrition teaching for a client who has type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Which recommendation is appropriate?
A. Eliminate all carbohydrates
B. Maintain consistent carbohydrate intake
C. Consume only protein at meals
D. Avoid all fruits
Answer: B. Maintain consistent carbohydrate intake.
Rationale: Consistent carbohydrate intake helps promote predictable blood glucose levels and
coordinate nutrition with prescribed medications.
3. Which food is the best source of potassium?
A. White bread
B. Baked potato
C. Cheddar cheese
D. White rice
Answer: B. Baked potato.
,Rationale: Potatoes are potassium-rich foods. Other potassium-rich choices include bananas,
beans, spinach, tomatoes, and avocados.
4. A nurse is teaching a client about folate during pregnancy. Which food is a good source
of folate?
A. Leafy green vegetables
B. Butter
C. Hard candy
D. Bacon
Answer: A. Leafy green vegetables.
Rationale: Folate is important before and during pregnancy because adequate intake helps
reduce the risk of neural tube defects. Other sources include fortified grains and legumes.
5. A client follows a lacto-ovo vegetarian diet. Which food can the client consume?
A. Chicken
B. Fish
C. Eggs
D. Beef
Answer: C. Eggs.
Rationale: Lacto-ovo vegetarians generally consume dairy products and eggs but avoid meat,
poultry, and fish.
6. Which food selection indicates understanding of a low-sodium diet?
A. Ham
B. Canned soup
C. Fresh grilled chicken
D. Pickles
Answer: C. Fresh grilled chicken.
Rationale: Fresh, minimally processed foods generally contain less sodium than processed
meats, canned soups, and pickled foods.
,7. A client is prescribed a 2-g sodium diet for heart failure. Which food should the nurse
recommend?
A. Ham sandwich
B. Canned vegetable soup
C. Grilled chicken with steamed rice
D. Pickled vegetables
Answer: C. Grilled chicken with steamed rice.
Rationale: Fresh foods are generally preferable for sodium restriction. Processed meats, canned
soups, and pickled foods can contain substantial sodium.
8. Which food is highest in calcium?
A. Milk
B. Apples
C. White rice
D. Chicken broth
Answer: A. Milk.
Rationale: Milk and other dairy products are important dietary sources of calcium, which is
necessary for bone health.
9. A nurse is teaching a client about preventing osteoporosis. Which recommendation
should the nurse include?
A. Avoid weight-bearing activity
B. Maintain adequate calcium and vitamin D intake
C. Eliminate dairy products
D. Restrict all dietary protein
Answer: B. Maintain adequate calcium and vitamin D intake.
Rationale: Calcium and vitamin D support bone mineralization. Weight-bearing physical activity
also contributes to bone health.
, 10. Which vitamin deficiency is associated with night blindness?
A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin C
C. Vitamin K
D. Vitamin B12
Answer: A. Vitamin A.
Rationale: Vitamin A is important for normal vision. Deficiency can cause impaired dark
adaptation and night blindness.
11. Which finding is associated with vitamin C deficiency?
A. Scurvy and bleeding gums
B. Night blindness
C. Goiter
D. Neural tube defects
Answer: A. Scurvy and bleeding gums.
Rationale: Vitamin C is important for collagen formation and wound healing. Deficiency can
cause scurvy, bleeding gums, and impaired wound healing.
12. Which nutrient is especially important for blood clotting?
A. Vitamin K
B. Vitamin C
C. Vitamin D
D. Vitamin B1
Answer: A. Vitamin K.
Rationale: Vitamin K is required for synthesis of several clotting factors.
13. A client has iron-deficiency anemia. Which food should the nurse recommend?
A. Lean red meat
B. Butter
