WGU D017 SCHOOL LAW EXAMINATION
PREP STUDY GUIDE LATEST UPDATED
PRACTICE SOLUTION VERIFIED 100 PERCENT
◉ Common School Movement (1820-1865). Answer: Horace Mann
and Henry Barnard
Primary schools teaching the rudiments to all who needed it. Goal
was to make the population more moral citizens.
◉ A Nation at Risk. Answer: 1983 National Commission report
calling for extensive educational reforms, including more academic
course requirements, more stringent college entrance requirements,
upgraded and updated textbooks, and longer school days and year.
◉ Types of Schools. Answer: Public - funded through taxes and
subject to all federal and state laws.
Private - funded by grants, donations and student tuition and is not
subject to federal or state laws.
Charter- The charter is a performance contract which establishes the
school's mission and goals. They can select (randomly) who attends
the school and are funded by tax dollars and take the same tests as
public schools. -Get less per pupil than public schools.
,◉ Role of Government in Schools. Answer: Federal - can influence
education thorough funding powers and enforcement of constitutional
rights.
States - have absolute power to make laws governing education.
Create state laws and has state agencies to adopt regulations.
◉ Federal Legislation. Answer: Law at the highest or national level of
a federal government, consisting of a constitution, enacted laws and
court decisions pertaining to them. In education compliance is usually
attached to funding.
◉ State Legislation. Answer: State legislatures pass laws on issues.
Example: compulsory attendance laws. Must be constitutional.
◉ Federal and State Regulations. Answer: Supplements to the law
that are legally binding. Help explain how the law should be
interpreted and implemented.
◉ Case or Common Law. Answer: the body of law made up of
judicial opinions and precedents
◉ State Court Structure. Answer: Varies by state but general includes
trial court, state courts of appeal, and a state supreme court. Any
federal question would go to the US District Court instead of the Trial
court.
, ◉ Separate but Equal Doctrine. Answer: The doctrine established in
Plessy v. Ferguson that African Americans could constitutionally be
kept in separate but equal facilities.
◉ De Jour Segregation vs De Facto Segregation. Answer: De Jour -
unnatural or forced state mandated segregation. -unconstitutional
De Facto - natural segregation caused by house patterns for example.
-not unconstitutional
◉ Brown v. Board of Ed. of Topeka. Answer: "We conclude that in
the field of public education the doctrine of 'separate-but-equal' has no
place. Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal."
Demonstrated that education is a civil right and therefore
discrimination in education is unconstitutional.
◉ Unitary System. Answer: Court has defined a unitary system as the
status a school system achieves "when it no longer discriminates
between school children on the basis of race,"
◉ ReZoning of Schools. Answer: Because of a long history of
gerrymandering boundary lines with the intent to segregate, many
school boundaries during the 1950s and 1960s had little to do with
geographic barriers (e.g., rivers, hills); safety issues (e.g., location of
busy roads, factories); or the size, location, or dispersion of the
student population. When the schools were rezoned with good faith
the schools were better integrated.
PREP STUDY GUIDE LATEST UPDATED
PRACTICE SOLUTION VERIFIED 100 PERCENT
◉ Common School Movement (1820-1865). Answer: Horace Mann
and Henry Barnard
Primary schools teaching the rudiments to all who needed it. Goal
was to make the population more moral citizens.
◉ A Nation at Risk. Answer: 1983 National Commission report
calling for extensive educational reforms, including more academic
course requirements, more stringent college entrance requirements,
upgraded and updated textbooks, and longer school days and year.
◉ Types of Schools. Answer: Public - funded through taxes and
subject to all federal and state laws.
Private - funded by grants, donations and student tuition and is not
subject to federal or state laws.
Charter- The charter is a performance contract which establishes the
school's mission and goals. They can select (randomly) who attends
the school and are funded by tax dollars and take the same tests as
public schools. -Get less per pupil than public schools.
,◉ Role of Government in Schools. Answer: Federal - can influence
education thorough funding powers and enforcement of constitutional
rights.
States - have absolute power to make laws governing education.
Create state laws and has state agencies to adopt regulations.
◉ Federal Legislation. Answer: Law at the highest or national level of
a federal government, consisting of a constitution, enacted laws and
court decisions pertaining to them. In education compliance is usually
attached to funding.
◉ State Legislation. Answer: State legislatures pass laws on issues.
Example: compulsory attendance laws. Must be constitutional.
◉ Federal and State Regulations. Answer: Supplements to the law
that are legally binding. Help explain how the law should be
interpreted and implemented.
◉ Case or Common Law. Answer: the body of law made up of
judicial opinions and precedents
◉ State Court Structure. Answer: Varies by state but general includes
trial court, state courts of appeal, and a state supreme court. Any
federal question would go to the US District Court instead of the Trial
court.
, ◉ Separate but Equal Doctrine. Answer: The doctrine established in
Plessy v. Ferguson that African Americans could constitutionally be
kept in separate but equal facilities.
◉ De Jour Segregation vs De Facto Segregation. Answer: De Jour -
unnatural or forced state mandated segregation. -unconstitutional
De Facto - natural segregation caused by house patterns for example.
-not unconstitutional
◉ Brown v. Board of Ed. of Topeka. Answer: "We conclude that in
the field of public education the doctrine of 'separate-but-equal' has no
place. Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal."
Demonstrated that education is a civil right and therefore
discrimination in education is unconstitutional.
◉ Unitary System. Answer: Court has defined a unitary system as the
status a school system achieves "when it no longer discriminates
between school children on the basis of race,"
◉ ReZoning of Schools. Answer: Because of a long history of
gerrymandering boundary lines with the intent to segregate, many
school boundaries during the 1950s and 1960s had little to do with
geographic barriers (e.g., rivers, hills); safety issues (e.g., location of
busy roads, factories); or the size, location, or dispersion of the
student population. When the schools were rezoned with good faith
the schools were better integrated.
