ATI ADULT MEDICAL-SURGICAL PRACTICE
B FINAL EXAM | 300 QUESTIONS WITH
ANSWERS & RATIONALES | (2026-2027
UPDATE) | 100% CORRECT NEWEST!!
Question 1
A nurse is assessing a client who has peripheral arterial disease. Which of the
following findings should the nurse expect?
• Answer: Hair loss on the lower legs
• Rationale: Decreased arterial circulation leads to trophic changes, including
hair loss and shiny, thin skin on the lower extremities.
Question 2
A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has esophageal cancer and is to
undergo radiation therapy. Which of the following statements should the nurse
identify as an indication that the client understands the teaching?
• Answer: "I will use my hands rather than a washcloth to clean the radiation
area."
• Rationale: Gentle cleaning with hands prevents trauma to the skin in the
radiation treatment area.
,Question 3
A nurse at a provider's office is caring for a client who is 2 weeks postoperative
following a gastrectomy. Which of the following instructions should the nurse
include? (Select all that apply)
• Answers:
o Avoid drinking fluids with meals
o Eat several small meals
o Consume high-protein snacks
o Avoid highly seasoned foods
• Rationale: After gastrectomy, clients need dietary modifications to manage
dumping syndrome and ensure adequate nutrition.
Question 4
A nurse is caring for a client who is scheduled for a right knee arthroplasty. The nurse
provided preoperative teaching. Which of the following statements by the client
indicates an understanding of the teaching?
• Answers:
o "I will need to do the breathing exercises every 1 to 2 hours after the
surgery"
o "I will be sure to ask for pain medication before my knee starts to hurt
too bad"
, o "I will probably be going home with a walker"
• Rationale: These statements demonstrate understanding of postoperative
respiratory care, pain management, and mobility needs.
Question 5
A nurse is planning to provide discharge teaching for the family of an older adult
client who has hemianopsia and is at risk for falls.
• Answer: Remind the client to scan their complete range of vision during
ambulation.
• Rationale: Scanning techniques help compensate for visual field loss and
reduce fall risk.
Question 6
An older adult client is brought to an emergency department by a family member.
Which of the following assessment findings should cause the nurse to suspect that
the client has hypertonic dehydration?
• Answer: Urine specific gravity 1.045
• Rationale: Elevated urine specific gravity (>1.030) indicates concentrated
urine, a hallmark of hypertonic (hyperosmolar) dehydration.
Question 7
A nurse is assessing a client who is at risk for the development of pernicious anemia
, resulting from peptic ulcer disease. Which of the following images depicts a
condition caused by pernicious anemia?
• Answer: (Image-based question; refers to physical findings associated with
pernicious anemia such as glossitis or neurologic changes)
Question 8
A PACU nurse is assessing a client who is postoperative following a right
nephrectomy. The client's initial vital signs were heart rate 80/min, blood pressure
130/70 mm Hg, respiratory rate 16/min, and temperature 36°C (96.8°F). Which of the
following vital sign changes should alert the nurse that the client might be
hemorrhaging?
• Answer: Heart rate 110/min
• Rationale: Tachycardia is an early sign of hypovolemia and hemorrhage;
compensatory mechanisms increase heart rate to maintain cardiac output.
Question 9
A nurse is caring for a client who is 4 hr postoperative following a total vaginal
hysterectomy. Click to highlight the findings the nurse should report to the provider
immediately.
• Answers:
o Perineal pad saturated with blood, large clots present
o Change of blood pressure, heart rate of 102/min
B FINAL EXAM | 300 QUESTIONS WITH
ANSWERS & RATIONALES | (2026-2027
UPDATE) | 100% CORRECT NEWEST!!
Question 1
A nurse is assessing a client who has peripheral arterial disease. Which of the
following findings should the nurse expect?
• Answer: Hair loss on the lower legs
• Rationale: Decreased arterial circulation leads to trophic changes, including
hair loss and shiny, thin skin on the lower extremities.
Question 2
A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has esophageal cancer and is to
undergo radiation therapy. Which of the following statements should the nurse
identify as an indication that the client understands the teaching?
• Answer: "I will use my hands rather than a washcloth to clean the radiation
area."
• Rationale: Gentle cleaning with hands prevents trauma to the skin in the
radiation treatment area.
,Question 3
A nurse at a provider's office is caring for a client who is 2 weeks postoperative
following a gastrectomy. Which of the following instructions should the nurse
include? (Select all that apply)
• Answers:
o Avoid drinking fluids with meals
o Eat several small meals
o Consume high-protein snacks
o Avoid highly seasoned foods
• Rationale: After gastrectomy, clients need dietary modifications to manage
dumping syndrome and ensure adequate nutrition.
Question 4
A nurse is caring for a client who is scheduled for a right knee arthroplasty. The nurse
provided preoperative teaching. Which of the following statements by the client
indicates an understanding of the teaching?
• Answers:
o "I will need to do the breathing exercises every 1 to 2 hours after the
surgery"
o "I will be sure to ask for pain medication before my knee starts to hurt
too bad"
, o "I will probably be going home with a walker"
• Rationale: These statements demonstrate understanding of postoperative
respiratory care, pain management, and mobility needs.
Question 5
A nurse is planning to provide discharge teaching for the family of an older adult
client who has hemianopsia and is at risk for falls.
• Answer: Remind the client to scan their complete range of vision during
ambulation.
• Rationale: Scanning techniques help compensate for visual field loss and
reduce fall risk.
Question 6
An older adult client is brought to an emergency department by a family member.
Which of the following assessment findings should cause the nurse to suspect that
the client has hypertonic dehydration?
• Answer: Urine specific gravity 1.045
• Rationale: Elevated urine specific gravity (>1.030) indicates concentrated
urine, a hallmark of hypertonic (hyperosmolar) dehydration.
Question 7
A nurse is assessing a client who is at risk for the development of pernicious anemia
, resulting from peptic ulcer disease. Which of the following images depicts a
condition caused by pernicious anemia?
• Answer: (Image-based question; refers to physical findings associated with
pernicious anemia such as glossitis or neurologic changes)
Question 8
A PACU nurse is assessing a client who is postoperative following a right
nephrectomy. The client's initial vital signs were heart rate 80/min, blood pressure
130/70 mm Hg, respiratory rate 16/min, and temperature 36°C (96.8°F). Which of the
following vital sign changes should alert the nurse that the client might be
hemorrhaging?
• Answer: Heart rate 110/min
• Rationale: Tachycardia is an early sign of hypovolemia and hemorrhage;
compensatory mechanisms increase heart rate to maintain cardiac output.
Question 9
A nurse is caring for a client who is 4 hr postoperative following a total vaginal
hysterectomy. Click to highlight the findings the nurse should report to the provider
immediately.
• Answers:
o Perineal pad saturated with blood, large clots present
o Change of blood pressure, heart rate of 102/min
