RESPIRATORY AND MUSCULOSKELETAL NURSING: KEY
CONCEPTS AND PATIENT CARE TIPS | FROM QUESTION TO
PERFECTION| STUDY WITH CONFIDENCE!
Course Code:
Course Title:
Programme:
Academic Year: 2026/2027.
Duration: 2 Hours.
Total Marks: 70%.
Candidate Instructions:
1) Write your Registration Number on every answer booklet used.
2) Answer ALL questions in Section A and ANY TWO (2) questions in Section B.
3) Read each question carefully before answering.
4) Begin each question on a new page.
5) The marks for each question are indicated in brackets.
6) This paper consists of several printed pages, including this page.
7) Ensure your copy is complete before the examination begins.
8) Unauthorized materials and communication with other candidates are not permitted.
Turn Over.
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
1
, What are two educational tips for patients with respiratory issues related to antibiotic use?
Answer: 1. Complete the full course of antibiotics as prescribed. 2. Report any side effects or
lack of improvement to the healthcare provider.
List three patient conditions that increase the risk for developing pneumonia. Answer: 1.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) 2. Immunosuppression 3. Recent surgery or
hospitalization
What three assessment questions would you ask a COPD patient to determine their activity
tolerance? Answer: 1. How far can you walk without becoming short of breath? 2. Do you
experience fatigue during daily activities? 3. How often do you need to rest during activities?
What is the most important nursing intervention to prevent aspiration in at-risk patients?
Answer: Ensure the patient is sitting upright during meals and for a period after eating.
What is hypoxia? Answer: A low level of cellular oxygen.
Define hemoptysis. Answer: Spitting of blood that originates in the lungs or bronchial tubes.
What is dyspnea? Answer: A subjective feeling of difficult or labored breathing, also known as
shortness of breath (SOB).
What can sudden dyspnea in a healthy person indicate? Answer: Possible causes include
pneumothorax, acute respiratory obstruction, allergic reaction, or myocardial infarction (MI).
What can sudden dyspnea in an immobilized person indicate? Answer: Possible causes include
pulmonary embolism or hypoxia leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).
What does stridor indicate? Answer: A high-pitched inspiratory sound that signals breathing
through a narrowed upper airway.
What does green or yellow, thick sputum indicate? Answer: Bacterial infection.
What does pink-tinged sputum suggest? Answer: Possible lung tumor.
What does frothy, profuse, pink sputum indicate? Answer: Pulmonary edema.
What does a wheeze on expiration typically indicate? Answer: Asthma.
What does a wheeze on inspiration typically indicate? Answer: Bronchitis.
What is clubbing? Answer: A nail bed abnormality characterized by sponginess of the nail bed
and loss of angle, often seen in lung disease or chronic hypoxic states.
What is cyanosis, and where should it be checked? Answer: A bluish discoloration of the skin
indicating low oxygen levels; check the tongue and lips.
What is barrel chest, and what conditions is it associated with? Answer: Overinflation of the
lungs leading to an increased anteroposterior diameter, commonly associated with aging,
emphysema, and COPD.
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
2
CONCEPTS AND PATIENT CARE TIPS | FROM QUESTION TO
PERFECTION| STUDY WITH CONFIDENCE!
Course Code:
Course Title:
Programme:
Academic Year: 2026/2027.
Duration: 2 Hours.
Total Marks: 70%.
Candidate Instructions:
1) Write your Registration Number on every answer booklet used.
2) Answer ALL questions in Section A and ANY TWO (2) questions in Section B.
3) Read each question carefully before answering.
4) Begin each question on a new page.
5) The marks for each question are indicated in brackets.
6) This paper consists of several printed pages, including this page.
7) Ensure your copy is complete before the examination begins.
8) Unauthorized materials and communication with other candidates are not permitted.
Turn Over.
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
1
, What are two educational tips for patients with respiratory issues related to antibiotic use?
Answer: 1. Complete the full course of antibiotics as prescribed. 2. Report any side effects or
lack of improvement to the healthcare provider.
List three patient conditions that increase the risk for developing pneumonia. Answer: 1.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) 2. Immunosuppression 3. Recent surgery or
hospitalization
What three assessment questions would you ask a COPD patient to determine their activity
tolerance? Answer: 1. How far can you walk without becoming short of breath? 2. Do you
experience fatigue during daily activities? 3. How often do you need to rest during activities?
What is the most important nursing intervention to prevent aspiration in at-risk patients?
Answer: Ensure the patient is sitting upright during meals and for a period after eating.
What is hypoxia? Answer: A low level of cellular oxygen.
Define hemoptysis. Answer: Spitting of blood that originates in the lungs or bronchial tubes.
What is dyspnea? Answer: A subjective feeling of difficult or labored breathing, also known as
shortness of breath (SOB).
What can sudden dyspnea in a healthy person indicate? Answer: Possible causes include
pneumothorax, acute respiratory obstruction, allergic reaction, or myocardial infarction (MI).
What can sudden dyspnea in an immobilized person indicate? Answer: Possible causes include
pulmonary embolism or hypoxia leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).
What does stridor indicate? Answer: A high-pitched inspiratory sound that signals breathing
through a narrowed upper airway.
What does green or yellow, thick sputum indicate? Answer: Bacterial infection.
What does pink-tinged sputum suggest? Answer: Possible lung tumor.
What does frothy, profuse, pink sputum indicate? Answer: Pulmonary edema.
What does a wheeze on expiration typically indicate? Answer: Asthma.
What does a wheeze on inspiration typically indicate? Answer: Bronchitis.
What is clubbing? Answer: A nail bed abnormality characterized by sponginess of the nail bed
and loss of angle, often seen in lung disease or chronic hypoxic states.
What is cyanosis, and where should it be checked? Answer: A bluish discoloration of the skin
indicating low oxygen levels; check the tongue and lips.
What is barrel chest, and what conditions is it associated with? Answer: Overinflation of the
lungs leading to an increased anteroposterior diameter, commonly associated with aging,
emphysema, and COPD.
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
2
