UCLA LING 1 MIDTERM EXAMPREP QUESTIONS
AND DETAILED SOLUTIONS
◉ [h] produced with the flow of air through the open glottis.
[Ɂ] produced if the air is stopped completely at the glottis by tightly
closed vocal chords: glottal stop.
Answer: glottals
◉ bilabial and velar.
Answer: labio-velar
◉ vocal cords apart, air flows freely through glottis (no vibration).
Answer: voiceless
◉ vocal cords together, airstream forces way through, causing
vibration.
Answer: voiced
◉ there is a complete obstruction of airflow somewhere in the vocal
tract.
Answer: stops
,◉ the velum is raised to block the nasal cavity so that when the stop
is released, the air flows out through the mouth (i.e. [p, b, t, d, k, g, Ɂ
]).
Answer: oral stops
◉ the velum is lowered to
open the nasal cavity (i.e. [m] [n] [ŋ]).
Answer: nasal stops
◉ there is a major, but not complete, obstruction in the vocal tract
(i.e. f, v, ɵ as in thick, ð as in thy, s, z, ʃ as in issue, ʒ as in leisure, h as
in house).
Answer: fricatives
◉ briefly stopping the air flow completely, then slightly releasing the
closure so that a fricative-like noise is produced (i.e. [tʃ ] as in cheap,
[dʒ] as in Joe).
Answer: affricates
◉ some minor obstruction of the vocal tract w/ tongue, but air still
passes through (i.e. [l, r]).
Answer: liquids
, ◉ [l] - If you inhale sharply you should feel air passing along the
sides of your tongue.
Answer: lateral Liquid
◉ [r] - articulated in the alveolar region and for most, the tip of the
tongue is curled back behind the alveolar ridge.
Answer: retroflex liquid
◉ 1)tongue position (frontness/backness)
2)tongue height (high/mid/low)
3)lip rounding
4)tenseness.
Answer: four features to determine vowels
◉ [i] beet, [ɪ] bit, [e] bait, [ɛ] bet, [æ] bat.
Answer: front vowels
◉ [ә] about, [ʌ] but, [a] cot.
Answer: central vowels
◉ [u] boot, [ʊ] book, [o] boat, [ɔ] caught.
Answer: back vowels
AND DETAILED SOLUTIONS
◉ [h] produced with the flow of air through the open glottis.
[Ɂ] produced if the air is stopped completely at the glottis by tightly
closed vocal chords: glottal stop.
Answer: glottals
◉ bilabial and velar.
Answer: labio-velar
◉ vocal cords apart, air flows freely through glottis (no vibration).
Answer: voiceless
◉ vocal cords together, airstream forces way through, causing
vibration.
Answer: voiced
◉ there is a complete obstruction of airflow somewhere in the vocal
tract.
Answer: stops
,◉ the velum is raised to block the nasal cavity so that when the stop
is released, the air flows out through the mouth (i.e. [p, b, t, d, k, g, Ɂ
]).
Answer: oral stops
◉ the velum is lowered to
open the nasal cavity (i.e. [m] [n] [ŋ]).
Answer: nasal stops
◉ there is a major, but not complete, obstruction in the vocal tract
(i.e. f, v, ɵ as in thick, ð as in thy, s, z, ʃ as in issue, ʒ as in leisure, h as
in house).
Answer: fricatives
◉ briefly stopping the air flow completely, then slightly releasing the
closure so that a fricative-like noise is produced (i.e. [tʃ ] as in cheap,
[dʒ] as in Joe).
Answer: affricates
◉ some minor obstruction of the vocal tract w/ tongue, but air still
passes through (i.e. [l, r]).
Answer: liquids
, ◉ [l] - If you inhale sharply you should feel air passing along the
sides of your tongue.
Answer: lateral Liquid
◉ [r] - articulated in the alveolar region and for most, the tip of the
tongue is curled back behind the alveolar ridge.
Answer: retroflex liquid
◉ 1)tongue position (frontness/backness)
2)tongue height (high/mid/low)
3)lip rounding
4)tenseness.
Answer: four features to determine vowels
◉ [i] beet, [ɪ] bit, [e] bait, [ɛ] bet, [æ] bat.
Answer: front vowels
◉ [ә] about, [ʌ] but, [a] cot.
Answer: central vowels
◉ [u] boot, [ʊ] book, [o] boat, [ɔ] caught.
Answer: back vowels
