UCLA LING 1 MIDTERM EXAM REVIEW STUDY
NOTES
◉ Which statement is true about dialects of any language?
Select one:
a. A dialect is speech form that may be restricted to speakers from a
certain geographical area.
b. A dialect is speech forms that are shared by members of the same
socio-economic class.
c. The most educated and least educated native speakers of a
language all speak some dialect.
d. The variety of language taught in schools, the standard language,
is a dialect.
e. All of the statements above are true.
Answer: e. All of the statements above are true.
◉ Based on the linguistic facts, what can be said about Standard and
non-standard varieties of English?
Select one:
,a. Non-standard varieties are impoverished grammatical systems,
but the speakers' abilities can be improved through education in
Standard English.
b. Speakers of non-standard varieties have only partial linguistic
competence, unlike speakers of Standard English.
c. Standard English and non-standard English varieties have
differences in particular grammar rules.
d. Children exposed to only non-standard English cannot become
competent native speakers of that variety, unlike Standard English.
Answer: c. Standard English and non-standard English varieties have
differences in particular grammar rules.
◉ The data from Singlish is important because it shows that
Select one:
a. non-standard varieties of English can possess grammatical
intricacies that are absent in the standard language.
b. mixing of English with southern Chinese languages and Malay has
resulted in a form of speech that lack the expressiveness of other
non-standard English dialects.
c. government efforts to stamp out Singlish show that it is possible to
improve the speech of the speakers of that variety.
d. children cannot acquire English in the absence of native speakers
of the standard language.
,e. We can linguistically characterize the grammatical rules of
Singlish as "correct", "incorrect" or "incoherent".
Answer: a. non-standard varieties of English can possess
grammatical intricacies that are absent in the standard language.
◉ Consider a subject taking a hypothetical dichotic listening
experiment.
"Sa" is played in her left ear, while "ka" is played simultaneously in
her right ear. When asked what she heard, the subject reports that
she heard "ka".
If language is lateralized to the left hemisphere, is this result
expected?
Select one:
a. Yes. If language is lateralized to the left hemisphere, then the
stimulus presented to the right ear should be reported.
b. No. The brain is organized contralaterally. The stimulus in the left
ear goes to right hemisphere, which does not process language.
c. Yes. The brain is organized contralaterally. The stimulus in the left
ear goes directly to the left hemisphere, where language is
processed.
, d. No. The stimulus in the right ear should be processed first in the
right hemisphere. Therefore, it will not be reported since language is
left lateralized.
Answer: a. Yes. If language is lateralized to the left hemisphere, then
the stimulus presented to the right ear should be reported.
◉ The Wada Test suggests that language is lateralized to the left
hemisphere because:
Select one:
a. When the right hemisphere is anesthetized, patients are incapable
of linguistic responses to questions about objects that they held, but
they can point out the objects.
b. If the left hemisphere and right hemispheres are anesthetized, a
patient is incapable of giving a conscious linguistic response to a
questions about objects seen in photographs.
c. When the left hemisphere is temporarily rendered non-functional,
a patient is incapable of naming items in the left visual field, but can
name items in the right visual field.
d. When the left hemisphere is anesthetized, a patient is able to
identify an object that they held, but cannot use language to name it.
e. All of the above are false.
Answer: d. When the left hemisphere is anesthetized, a patient is
able to identify an object that they held, but cannot use language to
name it.
NOTES
◉ Which statement is true about dialects of any language?
Select one:
a. A dialect is speech form that may be restricted to speakers from a
certain geographical area.
b. A dialect is speech forms that are shared by members of the same
socio-economic class.
c. The most educated and least educated native speakers of a
language all speak some dialect.
d. The variety of language taught in schools, the standard language,
is a dialect.
e. All of the statements above are true.
Answer: e. All of the statements above are true.
◉ Based on the linguistic facts, what can be said about Standard and
non-standard varieties of English?
Select one:
,a. Non-standard varieties are impoverished grammatical systems,
but the speakers' abilities can be improved through education in
Standard English.
b. Speakers of non-standard varieties have only partial linguistic
competence, unlike speakers of Standard English.
c. Standard English and non-standard English varieties have
differences in particular grammar rules.
d. Children exposed to only non-standard English cannot become
competent native speakers of that variety, unlike Standard English.
Answer: c. Standard English and non-standard English varieties have
differences in particular grammar rules.
◉ The data from Singlish is important because it shows that
Select one:
a. non-standard varieties of English can possess grammatical
intricacies that are absent in the standard language.
b. mixing of English with southern Chinese languages and Malay has
resulted in a form of speech that lack the expressiveness of other
non-standard English dialects.
c. government efforts to stamp out Singlish show that it is possible to
improve the speech of the speakers of that variety.
d. children cannot acquire English in the absence of native speakers
of the standard language.
,e. We can linguistically characterize the grammatical rules of
Singlish as "correct", "incorrect" or "incoherent".
Answer: a. non-standard varieties of English can possess
grammatical intricacies that are absent in the standard language.
◉ Consider a subject taking a hypothetical dichotic listening
experiment.
"Sa" is played in her left ear, while "ka" is played simultaneously in
her right ear. When asked what she heard, the subject reports that
she heard "ka".
If language is lateralized to the left hemisphere, is this result
expected?
Select one:
a. Yes. If language is lateralized to the left hemisphere, then the
stimulus presented to the right ear should be reported.
b. No. The brain is organized contralaterally. The stimulus in the left
ear goes to right hemisphere, which does not process language.
c. Yes. The brain is organized contralaterally. The stimulus in the left
ear goes directly to the left hemisphere, where language is
processed.
, d. No. The stimulus in the right ear should be processed first in the
right hemisphere. Therefore, it will not be reported since language is
left lateralized.
Answer: a. Yes. If language is lateralized to the left hemisphere, then
the stimulus presented to the right ear should be reported.
◉ The Wada Test suggests that language is lateralized to the left
hemisphere because:
Select one:
a. When the right hemisphere is anesthetized, patients are incapable
of linguistic responses to questions about objects that they held, but
they can point out the objects.
b. If the left hemisphere and right hemispheres are anesthetized, a
patient is incapable of giving a conscious linguistic response to a
questions about objects seen in photographs.
c. When the left hemisphere is temporarily rendered non-functional,
a patient is incapable of naming items in the left visual field, but can
name items in the right visual field.
d. When the left hemisphere is anesthetized, a patient is able to
identify an object that they held, but cannot use language to name it.
e. All of the above are false.
Answer: d. When the left hemisphere is anesthetized, a patient is
able to identify an object that they held, but cannot use language to
name it.
