UCLA LING 1 FINAL EXAMPREP QUESTIONS
AND DETAILED SOLUTIONS
◉ prescriptive grammar.
Answer: type of grammar that is more concerned with how language
SHOULD be used rather than what is actually used
◉ prestige dialect.
Answer: variety of the language spoken by people in positions of
power
◉ teaching grammar.
Answer: a set of language rules written to help speakers learn a
foreign language or a different dialect of their language.
◉ why are sign languages the best evidence for language universals.
Answer: - components of sign language are similar to spoken
languages
- system of gestures = system of sounds
- slips of the hand = slips of the tongue
◉ dialect.
,Answer: a variety of language whose grammar differs in systematic
ways from other varieties
- differences can be lexical, phonological, syntactic, and semantic
◉ dialect continuum.
Answer: - there is no sudden major break between dialects
- dialects merge into one another
◉ dialectal leveling.
Answer: movement toward greater uniformity and less variation
among dialects
◉ regional dialects.
Answer: dialect that forms when various linguistic difference
accumulate in a geographic region
◉ accents.
Answer: regional phonological or phonetic distinctions
◉ example of phonological differences between dialects.
Answer: - british english vs american english
- chewsday vs tuesday
,◉ example of lexical differences between dialects.
Answer: - soda vs pop
- shades vs curtains
◉ example of syntactic differences between dialects.
Answer: "John and Mary will eat" vs "John will eat and Mary"
◉ dialect areas.
Answer: concentrations defined by different word usages and
varying pronunciations
◉ isogloss.
Answer: a boundary that separates regions in which different
language usages predominate
◉ social dialects.
Answer: dialect differences that seem to come about because of
social factors
◉ standard dialect.
Answer: dominant or prestige dialect
, - ex. SAE
◉ arbitrariness of standard usage (aka why is there nothing
inherently better or worse about one pronunciation to another?).
Answer: r-less pronunciation is more prestigious in British English
vs r-drop is considered substandard in American English
◉ genderlects.
Answer: different ways of talking for males and females
- women tend to use more formal/polite forms more frequently than
men
◉ labov study.
Answer: - sociolinguistic analysis in NYC that focused on the rule of
r-dropping and its use by upper, middle, and lower class speakers
- r pronunciation was most prominent in high-end department store
and least prominent is lower-end retailer
◉ neurolinguistics.
Answer: the study of the relationship between language and the
brain
◉ corpus callosum.
AND DETAILED SOLUTIONS
◉ prescriptive grammar.
Answer: type of grammar that is more concerned with how language
SHOULD be used rather than what is actually used
◉ prestige dialect.
Answer: variety of the language spoken by people in positions of
power
◉ teaching grammar.
Answer: a set of language rules written to help speakers learn a
foreign language or a different dialect of their language.
◉ why are sign languages the best evidence for language universals.
Answer: - components of sign language are similar to spoken
languages
- system of gestures = system of sounds
- slips of the hand = slips of the tongue
◉ dialect.
,Answer: a variety of language whose grammar differs in systematic
ways from other varieties
- differences can be lexical, phonological, syntactic, and semantic
◉ dialect continuum.
Answer: - there is no sudden major break between dialects
- dialects merge into one another
◉ dialectal leveling.
Answer: movement toward greater uniformity and less variation
among dialects
◉ regional dialects.
Answer: dialect that forms when various linguistic difference
accumulate in a geographic region
◉ accents.
Answer: regional phonological or phonetic distinctions
◉ example of phonological differences between dialects.
Answer: - british english vs american english
- chewsday vs tuesday
,◉ example of lexical differences between dialects.
Answer: - soda vs pop
- shades vs curtains
◉ example of syntactic differences between dialects.
Answer: "John and Mary will eat" vs "John will eat and Mary"
◉ dialect areas.
Answer: concentrations defined by different word usages and
varying pronunciations
◉ isogloss.
Answer: a boundary that separates regions in which different
language usages predominate
◉ social dialects.
Answer: dialect differences that seem to come about because of
social factors
◉ standard dialect.
Answer: dominant or prestige dialect
, - ex. SAE
◉ arbitrariness of standard usage (aka why is there nothing
inherently better or worse about one pronunciation to another?).
Answer: r-less pronunciation is more prestigious in British English
vs r-drop is considered substandard in American English
◉ genderlects.
Answer: different ways of talking for males and females
- women tend to use more formal/polite forms more frequently than
men
◉ labov study.
Answer: - sociolinguistic analysis in NYC that focused on the rule of
r-dropping and its use by upper, middle, and lower class speakers
- r pronunciation was most prominent in high-end department store
and least prominent is lower-end retailer
◉ neurolinguistics.
Answer: the study of the relationship between language and the
brain
◉ corpus callosum.
