CMSRN Study Guide Questions with Verified
Correct Answers
Examples of third spacing
Ascites, edema, burn
Dilutional Hyponatremia
Excessive fluid intake
Edema, confusion, weight gain
Treatment: decrease fluid intake
"swells, rings tight"
True Hyponatremia
Loss of fluid and Na
Weight loss, DRY, hypotensive, tachy, DEHYDRATED
Tx: replace both sodium and water
Hypernatremia Causes
Fevern unresponsive to traditional interventions, Na IV fluids, DI, tube feeds
Hypernatremia Symptoms
DRY, thirst, tachy, oliguria(compensating)
Hypernatremia treatment
Decrease Na and replace fluids
Cl
,Acts like Na
Buffer to maintain pH
Hyperkalemia Causes
Cell wall destruction
Increased intake
K sparing diuretics
Renal failure
Acidosis
Hyperkalemia symptoms
Irritable muscles
Dysrhythmias
Hyperactive bowels/bladder- diarrhea, frequency, urgency
Hyperkalemia tx
Limit intake
Kayexalate
Ca gluconate
IV glucose
Dialysis
Hypokalemia Causes
Vomiting
Diarrhea
NG suction
Decreased PO
, Burns
K wasting diuretics
Hypokalemia Symptoms
Muscle flaccidity- not there to stimulate
Weakness
Constipation
Alkalosis-resps
Shallow Resps
Cardiac arrest
Hypokalemia Tx
Supplement
Foods high in potassium
Citrus fruits and dried fruits, bananas, watermelon, potatoes, legumes, tea and peanut butter,
avocado
Calcium purpose
Sedative at nerve level
Coagulation- look at level with invasive procedures!!
Bone/teeth strength
Hypercalcemia Causes
Cancer
Metastatic bone disease
hyperparathyroidism
Correct Answers
Examples of third spacing
Ascites, edema, burn
Dilutional Hyponatremia
Excessive fluid intake
Edema, confusion, weight gain
Treatment: decrease fluid intake
"swells, rings tight"
True Hyponatremia
Loss of fluid and Na
Weight loss, DRY, hypotensive, tachy, DEHYDRATED
Tx: replace both sodium and water
Hypernatremia Causes
Fevern unresponsive to traditional interventions, Na IV fluids, DI, tube feeds
Hypernatremia Symptoms
DRY, thirst, tachy, oliguria(compensating)
Hypernatremia treatment
Decrease Na and replace fluids
Cl
,Acts like Na
Buffer to maintain pH
Hyperkalemia Causes
Cell wall destruction
Increased intake
K sparing diuretics
Renal failure
Acidosis
Hyperkalemia symptoms
Irritable muscles
Dysrhythmias
Hyperactive bowels/bladder- diarrhea, frequency, urgency
Hyperkalemia tx
Limit intake
Kayexalate
Ca gluconate
IV glucose
Dialysis
Hypokalemia Causes
Vomiting
Diarrhea
NG suction
Decreased PO
, Burns
K wasting diuretics
Hypokalemia Symptoms
Muscle flaccidity- not there to stimulate
Weakness
Constipation
Alkalosis-resps
Shallow Resps
Cardiac arrest
Hypokalemia Tx
Supplement
Foods high in potassium
Citrus fruits and dried fruits, bananas, watermelon, potatoes, legumes, tea and peanut butter,
avocado
Calcium purpose
Sedative at nerve level
Coagulation- look at level with invasive procedures!!
Bone/teeth strength
Hypercalcemia Causes
Cancer
Metastatic bone disease
hyperparathyroidism
