VBS 2032 FINAL PRACTICE EXAM QUESTIONS ANSWERED CORRECTLY LATEST UPDATE 2026

VBS 2032 FINAL PRACTICE EXAM QUESTIONS ANSWERED CORRECTLY LATEST UPDATE 2026 Blood agar plates can detect the presence of this virulence factor - Answers hemolysin A patient's urine sample was collected 10 minutes after the clinic laboratory closed. What should you do? - Answers refrigerate the sample for us to 24 hours What is the key reason there is no effective vaccine against Streptococcus pyogenes? - Answers the number of antigenic variants Septic shock is characterized by: - Answers - leaky blood vessels - fever - organ damage - activation of complement This is sometimes elevated in urine when Gram-negative bacteria infect the bladder - Answers nitrite These two laboratory tests are used to detect different sugar fermentation products - Answers methyl red (MR) and Voges-Proskauer (VP) The gland that secretes tears is called - Answers lacrimal Most upper respiratory tract infections are caused by - Answers viruses The host specificity of a flu virus is dependent on the hemagglutinin type - Answers True A hospital-acquired pneumonia that is characterized by red sputum and is often resistant to treatment with common antibiotics is likely caused by - Answers Klebsiella pneumoniae The characteristic hot, cold, wet paroxysms of malaria are the result of - Answers lysis of millions of infected red cells at the same time Which of the following commonly indicates the presence of a urinary tract infection? - Answers - BLO (blood) - LEU (leukocytes) - NIT (nitrite) Coronaviruses are responsible for - Answers - MERS - COVID-19 - some forms of colds An alpha hemolytic coccus would produce _____ around a colony on a blood plate and would appear _____ shaped under the microscope - Answers a green halo; spherical Bacteria and Protozoa - Answers - both have ribosomes - are both unicellular Use of the BCG vaccine in the United States is discouraged because - Answers - it causes a positive Mantoux test - the incidence of TB is low Most people infected with M. tuberculosis develop active TB (ATBD) - Answers False Herpes can only be transmitted when blisters are present - Answers False Drugs used to treat HIV target: - Answers - viral integrase - viral protease - reverse transcriptase During the asymptomatic phase of infection - Answers the number of CD4+ lymphocytes decreases The most common bacterium to cause UTI's is - Answers E. coli Pyelonephritis is an infection of the - Answers kidneys Syphilis is easily diagnosed by its clinical symptoms - Answers False Mycobacterium tuberculosis can evade the host immune system by - Answers reproducing inside macrophages Infection with Mycoplasma pneumoniae can be treated with the cell wall inhibitor ampicillin - Answers False Flu infection directly damages these cells, which can lead to secondary bacterial infections - Answers ciliated epithelial cells The host specificity of a flu virus is dependent on its hemagglutinin (HA) type - Answers True Which of the following is/are characteristics of septic shock? - Answers - complement activation - fever - immune cell apoptosis - elevated heart rate What are the target cells for Epstein-Barr (EBV) infection? - Answers B lymphocytes Which of the following is NOT a common cause of skin infections? - Answers E. coli Most people carry similar strains of skin bacteria - Answers False What are the protective mechanisms of the upper respiratory tract? - Answers Nasal hairs, lysozymes, IgA, saliva flushing, coughing/sneezing/swallowing, continuous sloughing of epithelium, normal microbiota, mucus, and cilia What happens when parts of the upper respiratory tract's protective mechanisms are compromised? - Answers it puts us at risk for primary and secondary infections When vaccination rates in a community fall, disease outbreaks can occur as unvaccinated members are no longer protected by those who are vaccinated. This is called a failure of - Answers herd immunity An endemic disease - Answers is constantly present In epidemiology, what is an "index case"? - Answers the first ill person who comes to the attention of health authorities Emerging infectious diseases are always novel - Answers False What is an example of an infectious disease that is not contagious? - Answers malaria MacConkey plates are selective for - Answers gram-negative bacteria MacConkey plates are differential for - Answers lactose fermentation What treatment is recommended for most cases of bacterial gastroenteritis? - Answers Fluids containing glucose and electrolytes (ORT) CSF is collected with a _____ to detect ______ when diagnopsing meningitis - Answers lumbar puncture, wbc levels We put our raw chicken legs into MAC broth and incubated the bags at 44 degrees celsius in order to - Answers enrich for and grow E. coli With the Gram stain, yogurt strains appear purple because - Answers - cells retain crystal violet-iodine - they are Gram-positive A coliform: - Answers - is a Gram-negative lactose fermenter - is a dark pink colony on a MAC plate - can be used as an indicator of food quality - appears as a pink rod on a Gram stain A fly transmitted fecal coliforms to an uncovered dish at a picnic. This is an example of what type of transmission? - Answers mechanical vector What is true about the six types of E. coli that can produce diarrhea in infected individuals? - Answers - the site of infection differs depending on the type - each type is spread via fecal-oral route - the symptoms are different for each type The most effective way to prevent viral encephalitis is to - Answers wear insect repellent As you travel down the GI tract the number and diversity of bacteria increases - Answers True Cholera causes severe potentially fatal diarrhea by - Answers - attaching to host epithelial cells - producing a toxin that activated ion channels Methamphetamine use can lead to - Answers - lower levels of saliva