PORTAGE LEARNING BIOL 271
MODULE 3 EXAM: INFLAMMATION,
IMMUNITY, AND INFECTION
1. Which of the following describes the vascular phase of acute inflammation?
A. Brief vasoconstriction followed by vasodilation and increased permeability
B. Leukocyte margination and emigration
C. The release of pyrogens into the systemic circulation
D. The formation of a granuloma around a foreign body
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: The vascular phase of acute inflammation is characterized by
transient vasoconstriction followed by vasodilation and increased capillary permeability,
leading to redness and swelling.
2. A patient exhibits high levels of IgE and eosinophils. Which type of hypersensitivity
reaction is most likely occurring?
A. Type I (Immediate)
B. Type II (Antibody-mediated)
C. Type III (Immune complex-mediated)
,D. Type IV (Delayed-type)
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Type I hypersensitivity is IgE-mediated and involves mast cell
degranulation and eosinophil recruitment, typical of allergic reactions.
3. Which cell type is responsible for producing antibodies in adaptive immunity?
A. Cytotoxic T cells
B. Natural Killer (NK) cells
C. Plasma B cells
D. Dendritic cells
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: B cells differentiate into plasma cells, which are the effector cells
responsible for secreting specific antibodies.
4. In the arachidonic acid pathway, which enzyme is inhibited by NSAIDs to reduce pain and
inflammation?
A. Lipoxygenase
B. Phospholipase A2
C. Nitric oxide synthase
D. Cyclooxygenase (COX)
, Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: NSAIDs inhibit the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes, preventing
the conversion of arachidonic acid into prostaglandins.
5. Which molecule is found on all nucleated cells and presents endogenous antigens to CD8+
T cells?
A. Complement C3b
B. MHC Class II
C. CD4 receptor
D. MHC Class I
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: MHC Class I molecules are found on all nucleated cells and
present intracellular antigens to cytotoxic CD8+ T cells.
6. What is the hallmark of chronic inflammation that distinguishes it from acute
inflammation?
A. Infiltration of macrophages, lymphocytes, and potential fibrosis
B. Vasodilation and heat
C. Presence of neutrophils and edema
D. Rapid onset and short duration
Answer: A
MODULE 3 EXAM: INFLAMMATION,
IMMUNITY, AND INFECTION
1. Which of the following describes the vascular phase of acute inflammation?
A. Brief vasoconstriction followed by vasodilation and increased permeability
B. Leukocyte margination and emigration
C. The release of pyrogens into the systemic circulation
D. The formation of a granuloma around a foreign body
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: The vascular phase of acute inflammation is characterized by
transient vasoconstriction followed by vasodilation and increased capillary permeability,
leading to redness and swelling.
2. A patient exhibits high levels of IgE and eosinophils. Which type of hypersensitivity
reaction is most likely occurring?
A. Type I (Immediate)
B. Type II (Antibody-mediated)
C. Type III (Immune complex-mediated)
,D. Type IV (Delayed-type)
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Type I hypersensitivity is IgE-mediated and involves mast cell
degranulation and eosinophil recruitment, typical of allergic reactions.
3. Which cell type is responsible for producing antibodies in adaptive immunity?
A. Cytotoxic T cells
B. Natural Killer (NK) cells
C. Plasma B cells
D. Dendritic cells
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: B cells differentiate into plasma cells, which are the effector cells
responsible for secreting specific antibodies.
4. In the arachidonic acid pathway, which enzyme is inhibited by NSAIDs to reduce pain and
inflammation?
A. Lipoxygenase
B. Phospholipase A2
C. Nitric oxide synthase
D. Cyclooxygenase (COX)
, Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: NSAIDs inhibit the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes, preventing
the conversion of arachidonic acid into prostaglandins.
5. Which molecule is found on all nucleated cells and presents endogenous antigens to CD8+
T cells?
A. Complement C3b
B. MHC Class II
C. CD4 receptor
D. MHC Class I
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: MHC Class I molecules are found on all nucleated cells and
present intracellular antigens to cytotoxic CD8+ T cells.
6. What is the hallmark of chronic inflammation that distinguishes it from acute
inflammation?
A. Infiltration of macrophages, lymphocytes, and potential fibrosis
B. Vasodilation and heat
C. Presence of neutrophils and edema
D. Rapid onset and short duration
Answer: A
