ISTQB Foundation Level
2026/2027 Expert Verifed Ace
the Test
False-fail result - ANSWER ✔✔test result - defect reported but no
defect exists in test object
Error - Mistake - ANSWER ✔✔Human action produces an incorrect
result
Defect (bug, fault) - ANSWER ✔✔Flaw in a component or system
causing component or system to fail to perform required function.
Failure - ANSWER ✔✔Deviation of the component or system from its
expected delivery, service or result.
,Quality - ANSWER ✔✔The degree to which a component, system or
process meets specified requirements and/or user/customer needs and
expectations.
Risk - ANSWER ✔✔A factor that could result in future negative
consequences; usually expressed as impact and likelihood.
False-pass result - ANSWER ✔✔A test result which fails to identify
the presence of a defect that is actually present in the test object.
Testing - ANSWER ✔✔Also know as evaluation. The process
consisting of all life-cycle activities both static and dynamic, concerned
with planning, preparation, and evaluation of software products and
related work products to determine that they are fit for purpose and to
detect defects.
Requirement - ANSWER ✔✔A condition or capability needed by a
user to solve a problem or achieve an objective that must be met or
possessed by a system or system component to satisfy a contract,
standard, specification, or other formally imposed document.
Review - ANSWER ✔✔An evaluation of a product or project status to
ascertain discrepancies from planned results and to recommend
,improvements. Examples include management review, informal review,
technical review, inspection, and walkthrough.
Debugging - ANSWER ✔✔The process of finding, analyzing, and
removing the causes of failures in software.
Confirmation testing (re-testing) - ANSWER ✔✔Testing that runs test
cases that failed the last time they were run, in order to verify the
success of corrective actions.
Test Strategy - ANSWER ✔✔A high-level description of the test levels
to be performed and the testing within those levels for an organization or
program (one or more projects)
Test Execution - ANSWER ✔✔The process of running a test on the
component or system under test, producing actual results
Test approach - ANSWER ✔✔The implementation of the test strategy
for a specific project.
Test Plan - ANSWER ✔✔A document describing the scope,
approach, resources, and schedule of intended test activities. It identifies
among others test items, the features to be tested, the testing tasks, who
will do each task, degree of test independence, the test environment, the
test design techniques, and entry an exit criteria to be used, and the
COPYRIGHT©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2026. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
3
, rationale for their choice, and any risks requiring contingency planning. It
is a record of the test planning process.
Test monitoring - ANSWER ✔✔A test management task that deals
with the activities related to periodically checking the status of a test
project. Reports are prepared that compare the actuals to that which
was planned.
Test condition - ANSWER ✔✔An item or event of a component or
system that could be verified by one or more test cases, e.g. a function,
transaction, feature, quality attribute, or structural element.
Test basis - ANSWER ✔✔All documents from which the requirements
of a component or system can be inferred. the documentation on which
the test cases are based. If a document can be amended only by way of
formal amendment procedure, then the test basis is called a frozen test
basis.
Test Data - ANSWER ✔✔Data the exists before a test is executed,
and that affects or is affected by the component or system under test.
Example - in a database
Coverage (test coverage) - ANSWER ✔✔The degree, expressed as
a percentage, to which a specified coverage item has been exercised by
a test suite.
2026/2027 Expert Verifed Ace
the Test
False-fail result - ANSWER ✔✔test result - defect reported but no
defect exists in test object
Error - Mistake - ANSWER ✔✔Human action produces an incorrect
result
Defect (bug, fault) - ANSWER ✔✔Flaw in a component or system
causing component or system to fail to perform required function.
Failure - ANSWER ✔✔Deviation of the component or system from its
expected delivery, service or result.
,Quality - ANSWER ✔✔The degree to which a component, system or
process meets specified requirements and/or user/customer needs and
expectations.
Risk - ANSWER ✔✔A factor that could result in future negative
consequences; usually expressed as impact and likelihood.
False-pass result - ANSWER ✔✔A test result which fails to identify
the presence of a defect that is actually present in the test object.
Testing - ANSWER ✔✔Also know as evaluation. The process
consisting of all life-cycle activities both static and dynamic, concerned
with planning, preparation, and evaluation of software products and
related work products to determine that they are fit for purpose and to
detect defects.
Requirement - ANSWER ✔✔A condition or capability needed by a
user to solve a problem or achieve an objective that must be met or
possessed by a system or system component to satisfy a contract,
standard, specification, or other formally imposed document.
Review - ANSWER ✔✔An evaluation of a product or project status to
ascertain discrepancies from planned results and to recommend
,improvements. Examples include management review, informal review,
technical review, inspection, and walkthrough.
Debugging - ANSWER ✔✔The process of finding, analyzing, and
removing the causes of failures in software.
Confirmation testing (re-testing) - ANSWER ✔✔Testing that runs test
cases that failed the last time they were run, in order to verify the
success of corrective actions.
Test Strategy - ANSWER ✔✔A high-level description of the test levels
to be performed and the testing within those levels for an organization or
program (one or more projects)
Test Execution - ANSWER ✔✔The process of running a test on the
component or system under test, producing actual results
Test approach - ANSWER ✔✔The implementation of the test strategy
for a specific project.
Test Plan - ANSWER ✔✔A document describing the scope,
approach, resources, and schedule of intended test activities. It identifies
among others test items, the features to be tested, the testing tasks, who
will do each task, degree of test independence, the test environment, the
test design techniques, and entry an exit criteria to be used, and the
COPYRIGHT©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2026. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
3
, rationale for their choice, and any risks requiring contingency planning. It
is a record of the test planning process.
Test monitoring - ANSWER ✔✔A test management task that deals
with the activities related to periodically checking the status of a test
project. Reports are prepared that compare the actuals to that which
was planned.
Test condition - ANSWER ✔✔An item or event of a component or
system that could be verified by one or more test cases, e.g. a function,
transaction, feature, quality attribute, or structural element.
Test basis - ANSWER ✔✔All documents from which the requirements
of a component or system can be inferred. the documentation on which
the test cases are based. If a document can be amended only by way of
formal amendment procedure, then the test basis is called a frozen test
basis.
Test Data - ANSWER ✔✔Data the exists before a test is executed,
and that affects or is affected by the component or system under test.
Example - in a database
Coverage (test coverage) - ANSWER ✔✔The degree, expressed as
a percentage, to which a specified coverage item has been exercised by
a test suite.
