SANS GICSP STUDY MATERIAL
PACK 2026 COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
VERIFIED PASS
◉ Logical Topology.
Answer: Gives the description for the physical layout, shows VLAN's
and where they are placed on the physical topology
◉ Trunk Port.
Answer: Connects packets that travel to all VLAN's on a switch
◉ Baseband Systems.
Answer: Transmits one signal on the medium (fiber, copper, etc)
◉ Broadband.
Answer: Form of multiplexing to join multiple signals on a medium
◉ Ethernet.
Answer: Designed as baseband system that can be used in multiplexing
◉ CSMA/CD.
Answer: Carrier Sense Multiple Access/ Collision Detection
◉ Unicast.
,Answer: Broadcast for a single device
◉ Multicast.
Answer: Broadcast for a specific group or multiple devices
◉ Broadcast.
Answer: Message for everyone to receive and process
◉ Hub.
Answer: Broadcasts packets to every single port
◉ Switch.
Answer: Broadcasts packets to device found on a singular port
◉ Content Addressable Memory (CAM).
Answer: Is a table that contains the MAC address and port associated to
that MAC Address
◉ Virtual LAN (VLAN).
Answer: Splitting a switch in which certain ports can only talk to certain
ports (Segment networks within a switch)
◉ Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS).
,Answer: A different way of switching packets that can be used on a
dedicated line
◉ 802.1x.
Answer: Network Access Control that is a layer 2 authentication
(Credentialed Question of 2FA)
◉ A security appliance should be set in place when.
Answer: There is a change in trust level in the network
◉ Protocol.
Answer: is an agreement or rules of engagement for how computer
networks communicate
◉ OSI Protocol Stack (7).
Answer: Layer 7) Application
Layer 6) Presentation
Layer 5) Session
Layer 4) Transport
Layer 3) Network
Layer 2) Data Link
Layer 1) Physical
◉ Application Layer 7 OSI Stack.
, Answer: Browsers, FTP, HTTP, SCP
◉ Presentation Layer 6 OSI Stack.
Answer: Makes data presentable to the application or user (ASCII)
◉ Session Layer 5 OSI Stack.
Answer: Handles the establishment/maintenance of connections between
systems
◉ Transport Layer 4 OSI Stack.
Answer: Determines that application the packet should be sent to
through port numbers (Web on 80,443)
◉ Network Layer 3 OSI Stack.
Answer: Moving packets from one network to another network, uses
logical addressing instead of physical addressing
◉ Data Link Layer 2 OSI Stack.
Answer: Takes a packet and frames it suitable for transmission
◉ Physical Layer 1 OSI Stack.
Answer: Network cable, electromagnetic radiation
◉ TCP/IP Protocol Stack (4).
PACK 2026 COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
VERIFIED PASS
◉ Logical Topology.
Answer: Gives the description for the physical layout, shows VLAN's
and where they are placed on the physical topology
◉ Trunk Port.
Answer: Connects packets that travel to all VLAN's on a switch
◉ Baseband Systems.
Answer: Transmits one signal on the medium (fiber, copper, etc)
◉ Broadband.
Answer: Form of multiplexing to join multiple signals on a medium
◉ Ethernet.
Answer: Designed as baseband system that can be used in multiplexing
◉ CSMA/CD.
Answer: Carrier Sense Multiple Access/ Collision Detection
◉ Unicast.
,Answer: Broadcast for a single device
◉ Multicast.
Answer: Broadcast for a specific group or multiple devices
◉ Broadcast.
Answer: Message for everyone to receive and process
◉ Hub.
Answer: Broadcasts packets to every single port
◉ Switch.
Answer: Broadcasts packets to device found on a singular port
◉ Content Addressable Memory (CAM).
Answer: Is a table that contains the MAC address and port associated to
that MAC Address
◉ Virtual LAN (VLAN).
Answer: Splitting a switch in which certain ports can only talk to certain
ports (Segment networks within a switch)
◉ Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS).
,Answer: A different way of switching packets that can be used on a
dedicated line
◉ 802.1x.
Answer: Network Access Control that is a layer 2 authentication
(Credentialed Question of 2FA)
◉ A security appliance should be set in place when.
Answer: There is a change in trust level in the network
◉ Protocol.
Answer: is an agreement or rules of engagement for how computer
networks communicate
◉ OSI Protocol Stack (7).
Answer: Layer 7) Application
Layer 6) Presentation
Layer 5) Session
Layer 4) Transport
Layer 3) Network
Layer 2) Data Link
Layer 1) Physical
◉ Application Layer 7 OSI Stack.
, Answer: Browsers, FTP, HTTP, SCP
◉ Presentation Layer 6 OSI Stack.
Answer: Makes data presentable to the application or user (ASCII)
◉ Session Layer 5 OSI Stack.
Answer: Handles the establishment/maintenance of connections between
systems
◉ Transport Layer 4 OSI Stack.
Answer: Determines that application the packet should be sent to
through port numbers (Web on 80,443)
◉ Network Layer 3 OSI Stack.
Answer: Moving packets from one network to another network, uses
logical addressing instead of physical addressing
◉ Data Link Layer 2 OSI Stack.
Answer: Takes a packet and frames it suitable for transmission
◉ Physical Layer 1 OSI Stack.
Answer: Network cable, electromagnetic radiation
◉ TCP/IP Protocol Stack (4).
