MDC2 (NUR2392, Multidimensional Care II) Exam 2 RASMUSSEN COMPLETE
TESTBANK WITH 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS.
Contents
1. Fluid Volume Balance
2. Sodium Imbalances
3. Potassium Imbalances
4. Calcium & Magnesium Imbalances
5. Acid-Base Balance Fundamentals & ABG Interpretation
6. Respiratory Acidosis & Alkalosis
7. Metabolic Acidosis & Alkalosis
8. GERD & Upper GI Disorders
9. Peptic Ulcer Disease
10. Upper GI Bleed
11. Lower GI Bleed
12. Inflammatory Bowel Disease
13. Diverticular Disease & Bowel Obstruction
14. Liver Disorders — Hepatitis & Cirrhosis
15. Pancreatitis
16. Gallbladder Disorders
17. Diabetes Mellitus — Pathophysiology & Types
18. Diabetes Management & Acute Complications
19. Nutritional Support & Ostomy Care
20. GI Diagnostic Tests & Nursing Priorities
,1. Fluid Volume Balance
Q1. What are signs of fluid volume deficit (hypovolemia)?
A: Tachycardia, hypotension, poor skin turgor, dry mucous membranes, and decreased urine output.
Q2. What are signs of fluid volume excess (hypervolemia)?
A: Edema, weight gain, crackles in the lungs, jugular venous distention, and bounding pulses.
Q3. What is the priority nursing intervention for fluid volume deficit?
A: Administer isotonic IV fluids as ordered and monitor intake and output.
Q4. What is the priority nursing intervention for fluid volume excess?
A: Restrict fluids/sodium as ordered, administer diuretics, and monitor daily weights and lung sounds.
Q5. What is the most reliable indicator of fluid status change?
A: Daily weight, measured at the same time, same scale, same clothing.
Q6. What lab value typically rises with dehydration due to hemoconcentration?
A: Hematocrit.
Q7. What is the difference between isotonic, hypotonic, and hypertonic IV fluids?
A: Isotonic has the same tonicity as plasma; hypotonic is more dilute and shifts fluid into cells; hypertonic is
more concentrated and pulls fluid into the vasculature.
Q8. When is 0.9% normal saline (isotonic) typically used?
A: For fluid resuscitation and volume replacement, such as in hypovolemia or shock.
Q9. What is a risk of administering hypotonic IV fluids too quickly?
A: Cellular swelling and potential cerebral edema.
Q10. What is a key nursing consideration when administering hypertonic saline?
A: Administer slowly and monitor closely for fluid overload, as it draws fluid into the vascular space.
, 2. Sodium Imbalances
Q11. What is the normal serum sodium range?
A: 135–145 mEq/L.
Q12. What are signs of hyponatremia?
A: Headache, confusion, nausea, muscle cramps, and in severe cases, seizures.
Q13. What are signs of hypernatremia?
A: Thirst, dry mucous membranes, restlessness, and agitation.
Q14. What is the priority nursing concern with severe hyponatremia?
A: Risk of cerebral edema and seizures due to fluid shifting into brain cells.
Q15. Why must severe hyponatremia be corrected slowly?
A: Rapid correction can cause osmotic demyelination syndrome (central pontine myelinolysis).
Q16. What is a common cause of hypernatremia?
A: Inadequate water intake, excessive water loss (e.g., diarrhea, diaphoresis), or excess sodium intake.
Q17. What is a common cause of hyponatremia?
A: Excess water intake, diuretic use, or conditions like SIADH.
Q18. What is SIADH and its effect on sodium?
A: Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone secretion; causes water retention and dilutional
hyponatremia.
Q19. What is the treatment approach for hypernatremia?
A: Gradual free water replacement, often with hypotonic IV fluids.
Q20. What dietary teaching is important for a patient with chronic hyponatremia risk?
A: Monitor and moderate fluid intake as directed, and avoid excessive plain water intake.
TESTBANK WITH 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS.
Contents
1. Fluid Volume Balance
2. Sodium Imbalances
3. Potassium Imbalances
4. Calcium & Magnesium Imbalances
5. Acid-Base Balance Fundamentals & ABG Interpretation
6. Respiratory Acidosis & Alkalosis
7. Metabolic Acidosis & Alkalosis
8. GERD & Upper GI Disorders
9. Peptic Ulcer Disease
10. Upper GI Bleed
11. Lower GI Bleed
12. Inflammatory Bowel Disease
13. Diverticular Disease & Bowel Obstruction
14. Liver Disorders — Hepatitis & Cirrhosis
15. Pancreatitis
16. Gallbladder Disorders
17. Diabetes Mellitus — Pathophysiology & Types
18. Diabetes Management & Acute Complications
19. Nutritional Support & Ostomy Care
20. GI Diagnostic Tests & Nursing Priorities
,1. Fluid Volume Balance
Q1. What are signs of fluid volume deficit (hypovolemia)?
A: Tachycardia, hypotension, poor skin turgor, dry mucous membranes, and decreased urine output.
Q2. What are signs of fluid volume excess (hypervolemia)?
A: Edema, weight gain, crackles in the lungs, jugular venous distention, and bounding pulses.
Q3. What is the priority nursing intervention for fluid volume deficit?
A: Administer isotonic IV fluids as ordered and monitor intake and output.
Q4. What is the priority nursing intervention for fluid volume excess?
A: Restrict fluids/sodium as ordered, administer diuretics, and monitor daily weights and lung sounds.
Q5. What is the most reliable indicator of fluid status change?
A: Daily weight, measured at the same time, same scale, same clothing.
Q6. What lab value typically rises with dehydration due to hemoconcentration?
A: Hematocrit.
Q7. What is the difference between isotonic, hypotonic, and hypertonic IV fluids?
A: Isotonic has the same tonicity as plasma; hypotonic is more dilute and shifts fluid into cells; hypertonic is
more concentrated and pulls fluid into the vasculature.
Q8. When is 0.9% normal saline (isotonic) typically used?
A: For fluid resuscitation and volume replacement, such as in hypovolemia or shock.
Q9. What is a risk of administering hypotonic IV fluids too quickly?
A: Cellular swelling and potential cerebral edema.
Q10. What is a key nursing consideration when administering hypertonic saline?
A: Administer slowly and monitor closely for fluid overload, as it draws fluid into the vascular space.
, 2. Sodium Imbalances
Q11. What is the normal serum sodium range?
A: 135–145 mEq/L.
Q12. What are signs of hyponatremia?
A: Headache, confusion, nausea, muscle cramps, and in severe cases, seizures.
Q13. What are signs of hypernatremia?
A: Thirst, dry mucous membranes, restlessness, and agitation.
Q14. What is the priority nursing concern with severe hyponatremia?
A: Risk of cerebral edema and seizures due to fluid shifting into brain cells.
Q15. Why must severe hyponatremia be corrected slowly?
A: Rapid correction can cause osmotic demyelination syndrome (central pontine myelinolysis).
Q16. What is a common cause of hypernatremia?
A: Inadequate water intake, excessive water loss (e.g., diarrhea, diaphoresis), or excess sodium intake.
Q17. What is a common cause of hyponatremia?
A: Excess water intake, diuretic use, or conditions like SIADH.
Q18. What is SIADH and its effect on sodium?
A: Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone secretion; causes water retention and dilutional
hyponatremia.
Q19. What is the treatment approach for hypernatremia?
A: Gradual free water replacement, often with hypotonic IV fluids.
Q20. What dietary teaching is important for a patient with chronic hyponatremia risk?
A: Monitor and moderate fluid intake as directed, and avoid excessive plain water intake.
