COMM 104 QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS
population - Answers - a set of units like people, objects or events
Variable - Answers - any characteristic of a population unit
measurement - Answers - the process of assigning a value of variable to each of the
units in a population or sample
quantitative variable - Answers - a variable with values that are numbers representing
quantities
qualitative or categorical variable - Answers - a variable with values that indicate in
which of several categories a population unit belongs
census - Answers - an examination of all of the units in a population
sample - Answers - is a subset of the units in a population
statistical inference - Answers - is the science of using a sample of measurements to
make generalizations about the important aspects of a population of measurements
random sample - Answers - a sample selected so that on each selection from the
population, every unit remaining in the population on that selection has the same
chance being chosen
random number table - Answers - contains random digits and can be used to select a
random sample
sampling with replacement - Answers - a sampling procedure in which we place any unit
that has been chosen back into the population to give the unit a chance to be chosen on
succeeding selections
sampling without replacement - Answers - a sampling procedure in which we do not
place previously selected units back into the population and therefore, do not give these
units a chance to be chosen on succeeding selections
frame - Answers - a list of all of the units in a population. this is needed in order to select
a random sample
systematic sample - Answers - a sample taken by moving systematically through the
population
process - Answers - us a sequence of operations that takes inputs and turns them into
outputs
, inputs--> process --> outputs
finite population - Answers - a population that contains a finite number of units
infinite population - Answers - a population that is defined so that there is no limit to the
number of units that could potentially belong to the population
statistical control - Answers - a state in which a process does not exhibit any unusual
variations. -- this often means that the process displays a uniform amount of variation
around a constant, or horizontal level
runs plot - Answers - a graph of individual process measurements versus times (also
called a time series plot)
nominative (or nominal) measurement level - Answers - the "lowest" (most basic) level
of measurement; a qualitative variable at this level is used for categorizing only and has
no meaningful order
ordinal level of measurement - Answers - the measurement at this level might be
nonnumerical or numerical; there is a meaningful ordering or ranking of the categories
of a qualitative variable.
interval level of measurement - Answers - the first level in the quantitative level of
measurement-- the distances between data points are fixed but the ratios of a
quantitative variable's values are not meaningful and there is not an inherently defined
zero value
ratio level of measurement - Answers - a quantitative variable with a meaningful zero
and equal distances between points is the highest level of measurement
open-ended questions - Answers - are ones in which the respondent can answer the
question in any manner that person choices
close-ended questions - Answers - represent those that give the respondent a choice of
answers
stratified random sampling - Answers - a sampling design in which we divide a
population into non overlapping subpopulations and then select a random sample from
each subpopulation (stratum)
strata - Answers - the subpopulations in a stratified sampling design
cluster sampling - Answers - a sampling design in which we sequentially cluster
population units into subpopulations
population - Answers - a set of units like people, objects or events
Variable - Answers - any characteristic of a population unit
measurement - Answers - the process of assigning a value of variable to each of the
units in a population or sample
quantitative variable - Answers - a variable with values that are numbers representing
quantities
qualitative or categorical variable - Answers - a variable with values that indicate in
which of several categories a population unit belongs
census - Answers - an examination of all of the units in a population
sample - Answers - is a subset of the units in a population
statistical inference - Answers - is the science of using a sample of measurements to
make generalizations about the important aspects of a population of measurements
random sample - Answers - a sample selected so that on each selection from the
population, every unit remaining in the population on that selection has the same
chance being chosen
random number table - Answers - contains random digits and can be used to select a
random sample
sampling with replacement - Answers - a sampling procedure in which we place any unit
that has been chosen back into the population to give the unit a chance to be chosen on
succeeding selections
sampling without replacement - Answers - a sampling procedure in which we do not
place previously selected units back into the population and therefore, do not give these
units a chance to be chosen on succeeding selections
frame - Answers - a list of all of the units in a population. this is needed in order to select
a random sample
systematic sample - Answers - a sample taken by moving systematically through the
population
process - Answers - us a sequence of operations that takes inputs and turns them into
outputs
, inputs--> process --> outputs
finite population - Answers - a population that contains a finite number of units
infinite population - Answers - a population that is defined so that there is no limit to the
number of units that could potentially belong to the population
statistical control - Answers - a state in which a process does not exhibit any unusual
variations. -- this often means that the process displays a uniform amount of variation
around a constant, or horizontal level
runs plot - Answers - a graph of individual process measurements versus times (also
called a time series plot)
nominative (or nominal) measurement level - Answers - the "lowest" (most basic) level
of measurement; a qualitative variable at this level is used for categorizing only and has
no meaningful order
ordinal level of measurement - Answers - the measurement at this level might be
nonnumerical or numerical; there is a meaningful ordering or ranking of the categories
of a qualitative variable.
interval level of measurement - Answers - the first level in the quantitative level of
measurement-- the distances between data points are fixed but the ratios of a
quantitative variable's values are not meaningful and there is not an inherently defined
zero value
ratio level of measurement - Answers - a quantitative variable with a meaningful zero
and equal distances between points is the highest level of measurement
open-ended questions - Answers - are ones in which the respondent can answer the
question in any manner that person choices
close-ended questions - Answers - represent those that give the respondent a choice of
answers
stratified random sampling - Answers - a sampling design in which we divide a
population into non overlapping subpopulations and then select a random sample from
each subpopulation (stratum)
strata - Answers - the subpopulations in a stratified sampling design
cluster sampling - Answers - a sampling design in which we sequentially cluster
population units into subpopulations
