qATI FundAmenTAls exAm 2026–2027 PrAcTIce
quesTIons & Answers | rn nursIng FundAmenTAls |
ngn cAse sTudIes, rATIonAles & exAm PrePArATIon
quesTIon And Answer
nsAIds & non-oPIATes - √correcT AnswerhAs AnAlgesIc/ AnTIPyreTIc eFFecTs; AvAIlAble
oTc; used For moderATe To mIld PAIn; blocks PAIn ImPulses by InhIbITIng ProsTAglAndIn
synThesIs; leThAl when overdosed; do noT TAke wITh Alcohol; do noT TAke IF lIver
dysFuncTIon, PossIble lIver FAIlure
oPIoIds - √correcT AnswerPAIn relIvers ThAT conTAIn oPIum or chemIcAlly relATed To
oPIum; ordered For moderATe To severe PAIn such As PosT-oP, chronIc non-cAncer, or
cAncer; dePresses resPIrATory cenTer, cAuses consTIPATIon, ITchIng, AlTered menTAl
sTATus
nAloxone (nArcAn) - √correcT AnsweroPIATe AnTAgonIsT, reverses oPIoId Induced
resIrATory dePressIon
PATIenT conTrolled AnAlgesIA (PcA) - √correcT AnswerclIenT hAs conTrol wITh mInImum
rIsk oF overdose; sysTem desIgned To delIver no more ThAn sPecIFIc number oF doses
AnesTheTIcs - √correcT AnswerdePresses cns From conscIousness To unconscIousness;
loss oF resPonsIveness To sensory sTImulI IncludIng PAIn; muscle, skeleTAl, And vIscerAl
smooTh muscle relAxATIon; generAl or locAl
,bAsAl meTAbolIc rATe (bmr) - √correcT Answerenergy needed To mAInTAIn lIFe
cArbohydrATes - √correcT AnswermAIn source oF energy; glucose needed For brAIn,
skeleTAl muscles, ProducTIon oF rbc/wbc, All FuncTIons oF renAl medullA; obTAIned
From grAIns, FruITs, veggIes, mIlk, sugAr, honey
ProTeIns - √correcT AnsweressenTIAl From growTh, mAInTenAnce, And rePAIr oF body
TIssue; AmIno AcIds; comPleTe And comPlemenTAry; nITrogen bAlAnce
FATs - √correcT AnswerTrIglycerIdes And FATTy AcIds; sATurATed or unsATurATed;
monounsATurATed or PolyunsATurATed FATTy AcIds; essenTIAl or nonessenTIAl
wATer - √correcT AnswercomPrIses 60-70% oF body weIghT; cell FuncTIon dePends on A
FluId envIronmenT, you cAn only survIve A Few dAys wIThouT IT, Illness IncreAses need
For FluIds
vITAmIns - √correcT AnsweressenTIAl To normAl meTAbolIsm; FAT soluble(A,d, k,e) cAn be
sTored In body excePT d; wATer soluble(c And b comPlex) cAnnoT be sTored In body;
obTAIned From FruITs, mIlk, veggIes, FIsh, cereAl, grAIns, nuTs, sunlIghT
mInerAls - √correcT AnswerInorgAnIc elemenTs essenTIAl As cATAlysTs In bIochemIcAl
reAcTIons; obTAIned In mIlk, eggs, meATs, grAIns; mAInTAIns AcId/bAse bAlAnce, osmoTIc
Pressure, oxygen TrAnsPorT
Free rAdIcAl Theory - √correcT AnswerPresence oF Free rAdIcAls Produced Through
normAl resPIrATIon And meTAbolIsm cAuse dAmAge To exIsTIng cells, some belIeve ThIs
cAn be reversed Through consumPTIon oF vITAmIns And oTher ProducTs
erIkson's 8 sTAges oF develoPmenT - √correcT AnswerTrusT vs mIsTrusT
AuTonomy vs shAme And doubT
,InITIATIve vs guIlT
IndusTry vs InFerIorITy
IdenTITy vs IdenTITy conFusIon
InTImAcy vs IsolATIon
generATIvITy vs sTAgnATIon
InTegrITy vs desPAIr
PhArmAcokIneTIcs - √correcT AnswerThe sTudy oF how meds enTer The body; Are
Absorbed And dIsTrIbuTed InTo cells, TIssues, or orgAns; AlTer PhysIologIcAl FuncTIons
medIcATIon AbsorPTIon - √correcT AnswerThe PAssAge oF medIcATIon molecules InTo The
blood From The sITe oF AdmInIsTrATIon
FAcTors ThAT AFFecT med AbsorPTIon - √correcT AnswerrouTe oF AdmInIsTrATIon; AbIlITy
To dIssolve; blood Flow To sITe oF AdmInIsTrATIon; body surFAce AreA; lIPId solubIlITy oF
medIcATIon
meds Are excreTed Through: - √correcT AnswerkIdney, lIver, bowel, lungs, exocrIne
glAnds
medIcATIon InTerAcTIons - √correcT Answerwhen one med modIFIes The AcTIon oF AnoTher
obese - √correcT AnswerIncreAsed weIghT For heIghT by 10% or more
morbId obesITy - √correcT Answer100% over weIghT For heIghT
meAsuremenTs For obesITy - √correcT AnswerwAIsT sIze, bmI, IdeAl weIghT For heIghT
, cAuses oF obesITy - √correcT AnswercorTIcosTeroIds, esTrogen, AnTIdePressIon meds,
overeATIng, unconscIous eATIng, PhysIcAl InAcTIvITy, geneTIcs, PreTnezone
mAnAgemenT oF obesITy - √correcT AnswerdecreAsed Food InTAke, IncreAsed PhysIcAl
AcTIvITy
deFInITIon oF nursIng - √correcT AnswerAn ArT And A scIence wITh lImITless
oPPorTunITIes; clIenT, FAmIly, And communITy cenTered; dIAgnosIs And TreATmenT oF
humAn resPonse To AcTuAl And PoTenTIAl heAlTh Problems
evIdence bAsed PrAcTIce - √correcT AnswerInTervenTIons nurses do ThAT Are bAsed on
evIdence
roles oF nurse - √correcT AnswercAregIver, AdvocATe, educATor, communIcATor,
mAnAger, AuTonomy And AccounTAbIlITy
deFInITIon oF heAlTh - √correcT AnswersTATe oF comPleTe PhysIcAl, menTAl, And socIAl
well beIng noT merely The Absence oF dIseAse or InFIrmITy
communIcATIon- - √correcT AnswerProcess by whIch PeoPle AFFecT one AnoTher;
exchAnge oF InFo, IdeAs, FeelIngs; bAsIc comPonenT oF humAn relATIonshIPs; FundAmenTAl
elemenT oF nurse-clIenT relATIonshIP
InTrAPersonAl communIcATIon - √correcT Answeroccurs wIThIn, selF verbAlIzATIon, selF
AwAreness, selF TAlk, guIded ImAgery
InTerPersonAl communIcATIon - √correcT Answerone on one InTerAcTIon; mosT FrequenTly
used; exchAnge oF IdeA, Problem solvIng, decIsIon mAkIng
quesTIons & Answers | rn nursIng FundAmenTAls |
ngn cAse sTudIes, rATIonAles & exAm PrePArATIon
quesTIon And Answer
nsAIds & non-oPIATes - √correcT AnswerhAs AnAlgesIc/ AnTIPyreTIc eFFecTs; AvAIlAble
oTc; used For moderATe To mIld PAIn; blocks PAIn ImPulses by InhIbITIng ProsTAglAndIn
synThesIs; leThAl when overdosed; do noT TAke wITh Alcohol; do noT TAke IF lIver
dysFuncTIon, PossIble lIver FAIlure
oPIoIds - √correcT AnswerPAIn relIvers ThAT conTAIn oPIum or chemIcAlly relATed To
oPIum; ordered For moderATe To severe PAIn such As PosT-oP, chronIc non-cAncer, or
cAncer; dePresses resPIrATory cenTer, cAuses consTIPATIon, ITchIng, AlTered menTAl
sTATus
nAloxone (nArcAn) - √correcT AnsweroPIATe AnTAgonIsT, reverses oPIoId Induced
resIrATory dePressIon
PATIenT conTrolled AnAlgesIA (PcA) - √correcT AnswerclIenT hAs conTrol wITh mInImum
rIsk oF overdose; sysTem desIgned To delIver no more ThAn sPecIFIc number oF doses
AnesTheTIcs - √correcT AnswerdePresses cns From conscIousness To unconscIousness;
loss oF resPonsIveness To sensory sTImulI IncludIng PAIn; muscle, skeleTAl, And vIscerAl
smooTh muscle relAxATIon; generAl or locAl
,bAsAl meTAbolIc rATe (bmr) - √correcT Answerenergy needed To mAInTAIn lIFe
cArbohydrATes - √correcT AnswermAIn source oF energy; glucose needed For brAIn,
skeleTAl muscles, ProducTIon oF rbc/wbc, All FuncTIons oF renAl medullA; obTAIned
From grAIns, FruITs, veggIes, mIlk, sugAr, honey
ProTeIns - √correcT AnsweressenTIAl From growTh, mAInTenAnce, And rePAIr oF body
TIssue; AmIno AcIds; comPleTe And comPlemenTAry; nITrogen bAlAnce
FATs - √correcT AnswerTrIglycerIdes And FATTy AcIds; sATurATed or unsATurATed;
monounsATurATed or PolyunsATurATed FATTy AcIds; essenTIAl or nonessenTIAl
wATer - √correcT AnswercomPrIses 60-70% oF body weIghT; cell FuncTIon dePends on A
FluId envIronmenT, you cAn only survIve A Few dAys wIThouT IT, Illness IncreAses need
For FluIds
vITAmIns - √correcT AnsweressenTIAl To normAl meTAbolIsm; FAT soluble(A,d, k,e) cAn be
sTored In body excePT d; wATer soluble(c And b comPlex) cAnnoT be sTored In body;
obTAIned From FruITs, mIlk, veggIes, FIsh, cereAl, grAIns, nuTs, sunlIghT
mInerAls - √correcT AnswerInorgAnIc elemenTs essenTIAl As cATAlysTs In bIochemIcAl
reAcTIons; obTAIned In mIlk, eggs, meATs, grAIns; mAInTAIns AcId/bAse bAlAnce, osmoTIc
Pressure, oxygen TrAnsPorT
Free rAdIcAl Theory - √correcT AnswerPresence oF Free rAdIcAls Produced Through
normAl resPIrATIon And meTAbolIsm cAuse dAmAge To exIsTIng cells, some belIeve ThIs
cAn be reversed Through consumPTIon oF vITAmIns And oTher ProducTs
erIkson's 8 sTAges oF develoPmenT - √correcT AnswerTrusT vs mIsTrusT
AuTonomy vs shAme And doubT
,InITIATIve vs guIlT
IndusTry vs InFerIorITy
IdenTITy vs IdenTITy conFusIon
InTImAcy vs IsolATIon
generATIvITy vs sTAgnATIon
InTegrITy vs desPAIr
PhArmAcokIneTIcs - √correcT AnswerThe sTudy oF how meds enTer The body; Are
Absorbed And dIsTrIbuTed InTo cells, TIssues, or orgAns; AlTer PhysIologIcAl FuncTIons
medIcATIon AbsorPTIon - √correcT AnswerThe PAssAge oF medIcATIon molecules InTo The
blood From The sITe oF AdmInIsTrATIon
FAcTors ThAT AFFecT med AbsorPTIon - √correcT AnswerrouTe oF AdmInIsTrATIon; AbIlITy
To dIssolve; blood Flow To sITe oF AdmInIsTrATIon; body surFAce AreA; lIPId solubIlITy oF
medIcATIon
meds Are excreTed Through: - √correcT AnswerkIdney, lIver, bowel, lungs, exocrIne
glAnds
medIcATIon InTerAcTIons - √correcT Answerwhen one med modIFIes The AcTIon oF AnoTher
obese - √correcT AnswerIncreAsed weIghT For heIghT by 10% or more
morbId obesITy - √correcT Answer100% over weIghT For heIghT
meAsuremenTs For obesITy - √correcT AnswerwAIsT sIze, bmI, IdeAl weIghT For heIghT
, cAuses oF obesITy - √correcT AnswercorTIcosTeroIds, esTrogen, AnTIdePressIon meds,
overeATIng, unconscIous eATIng, PhysIcAl InAcTIvITy, geneTIcs, PreTnezone
mAnAgemenT oF obesITy - √correcT AnswerdecreAsed Food InTAke, IncreAsed PhysIcAl
AcTIvITy
deFInITIon oF nursIng - √correcT AnswerAn ArT And A scIence wITh lImITless
oPPorTunITIes; clIenT, FAmIly, And communITy cenTered; dIAgnosIs And TreATmenT oF
humAn resPonse To AcTuAl And PoTenTIAl heAlTh Problems
evIdence bAsed PrAcTIce - √correcT AnswerInTervenTIons nurses do ThAT Are bAsed on
evIdence
roles oF nurse - √correcT AnswercAregIver, AdvocATe, educATor, communIcATor,
mAnAger, AuTonomy And AccounTAbIlITy
deFInITIon oF heAlTh - √correcT AnswersTATe oF comPleTe PhysIcAl, menTAl, And socIAl
well beIng noT merely The Absence oF dIseAse or InFIrmITy
communIcATIon- - √correcT AnswerProcess by whIch PeoPle AFFecT one AnoTher;
exchAnge oF InFo, IdeAs, FeelIngs; bAsIc comPonenT oF humAn relATIonshIPs; FundAmenTAl
elemenT oF nurse-clIenT relATIonshIP
InTrAPersonAl communIcATIon - √correcT Answeroccurs wIThIn, selF verbAlIzATIon, selF
AwAreness, selF TAlk, guIded ImAgery
InTerPersonAl communIcATIon - √correcT Answerone on one InTerAcTIon; mosT FrequenTly
used; exchAnge oF IdeA, Problem solvIng, decIsIon mAkIng
