NU 110 Exam 4 | Questions with 100% Verified Answers | Latest
Update 2026/2027
Question:
Answer:
Question: Which of the following cranial nerves controls the tongue?
Answer:
A. Cranial nerve XIL
B. Cranial nerve V
C. Cranial nerve XL
D. Cranial nerve VIIL
Explanation:
• Cranial Nerve XII (Hypoglossal Nerve) controls tongue movement.
• It is a motor nerve responsible for movements such as speech, swallowing, and
manipulating food.
Let’s break down the other options:
• Cranial Nerve V (Trigeminal): Controls facial sensation and muscles for mastication
(chewing), not tongue movement.
• Cranial Nerve VI (Abducens): Controls the lateral rectus muscle for eye movement.
• Cranial Nerve VII (Facial): Controls facial expression, taste from the anterior 2/3 of the
tongue, and salivary glands, but not movement of the tongue.
,Question: Which of the following is associated with parasympathetic
nervous system?
Answer:
A. Tear secretion
B. Sweat gland stimulation
C. Increased glucose release
D. Vasoconstriction
The parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) is responsible for the body’s “rest and digest”
activities. It promotes functions that conserve energy and restore the body to a calm
state.
Let’s review the options:
• A. Tear secretion
• Controlled by parasympathetic fibers (especially via the facial nerve, CN VII).
• Promotes lacrimation (tear production) as part of rest-and-digest responses.
• B. Sweat gland stimulation
• Sweat glands are controlled by the sympathetic nervous system, even though they use
acetylcholine as the neurotransmitter (unique exception).
• C. Increased glucose release
• A sympathetic function to provide energy during “fight or flight.”
• D. Vasoconstriction
• Generally associated with the sympathetic nervous system to raise blood pressure.
Parasympathetic = Tear secretion, digestion, salivation, decreased heart rate
Sympathetic = Sweating, increased glucose, vasoconstriction, pupil dilation
,Question: Which of the following neurotransmitters activates muscarinic
receptors?
Answer:
A. Norepinephrine. Activates adrenergic receptors (alpha and beta types) and is part of
the sns
B. Acetylcholine (Ach)
C. Serotonin. Binds to serotonergic receptors (5-HT receptors) and regulates mood,
appetite, and sleep.
D. Dopamine
Explanation:
Muscarinic receptors are a type of cholinergic receptor that are activated by
acetylcholine (ACh). These receptors are primarily found in:
• Parasympathetic target organs (e.g., heart, smooth muscle, glands)
• CNS (central nervous system)
Review of the options:
• A. Norepinephrine
• Activates adrenergic receptors (alpha and beta), part of the sympathetic nervous
system.
• B. Acetylcholine (ACh)
• Activates muscarinic and nicotinic receptors.
• Muscarinic receptors are specifically found in parasympathetic target tissues.
• C. Serotonin
• Binds to 5-HT (serotonin) receptors; involved in mood, sleep, and more—not muscarinic.
• D. Dopamine
• Binds to dopamine receptors (D1–D5); involved in reward, motivation, and movement—
not muscarinic.
Summary: Muscarinic = Acetylcholine, primarily in parasympathetic responses.
, Question: Which of the following neurotransmitters stimulates skeletal
muscles?
Answer:
A. Serotonin
B. Dopamine
C. Norepinephrine
D. Acetylcholine (Ach)
Explanation:
Acetylcholine (ACh) is the neurotransmitter that stimulates skeletal muscles at the
neuromuscular junction by binding to nicotinic receptors.
Breakdown of options:
• A. Serotonin
• Involved in mood, appetite, and sleep regulation; not involved in muscle contraction.
• B. Dopamine
• Regulates movement in the brain (e.g., Parkinson’s disease) but does not directly
stimulate skeletal muscles.
• C. Norepinephrine
• Functions in the sympathetic nervous system, but does not stimulate skeletal muscles.
• D. Acetylcholine (ACh)
• Directly responsible for triggering muscle contractions by activating nicotinic
cholinergic receptors at the motor end plate of skeletal muscle.
Key Point: Nicotinic receptors = skeletal muscle
Muscarinic receptors = parasympathetic organs
Update 2026/2027
Question:
Answer:
Question: Which of the following cranial nerves controls the tongue?
Answer:
A. Cranial nerve XIL
B. Cranial nerve V
C. Cranial nerve XL
D. Cranial nerve VIIL
Explanation:
• Cranial Nerve XII (Hypoglossal Nerve) controls tongue movement.
• It is a motor nerve responsible for movements such as speech, swallowing, and
manipulating food.
Let’s break down the other options:
• Cranial Nerve V (Trigeminal): Controls facial sensation and muscles for mastication
(chewing), not tongue movement.
• Cranial Nerve VI (Abducens): Controls the lateral rectus muscle for eye movement.
• Cranial Nerve VII (Facial): Controls facial expression, taste from the anterior 2/3 of the
tongue, and salivary glands, but not movement of the tongue.
,Question: Which of the following is associated with parasympathetic
nervous system?
Answer:
A. Tear secretion
B. Sweat gland stimulation
C. Increased glucose release
D. Vasoconstriction
The parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) is responsible for the body’s “rest and digest”
activities. It promotes functions that conserve energy and restore the body to a calm
state.
Let’s review the options:
• A. Tear secretion
• Controlled by parasympathetic fibers (especially via the facial nerve, CN VII).
• Promotes lacrimation (tear production) as part of rest-and-digest responses.
• B. Sweat gland stimulation
• Sweat glands are controlled by the sympathetic nervous system, even though they use
acetylcholine as the neurotransmitter (unique exception).
• C. Increased glucose release
• A sympathetic function to provide energy during “fight or flight.”
• D. Vasoconstriction
• Generally associated with the sympathetic nervous system to raise blood pressure.
Parasympathetic = Tear secretion, digestion, salivation, decreased heart rate
Sympathetic = Sweating, increased glucose, vasoconstriction, pupil dilation
,Question: Which of the following neurotransmitters activates muscarinic
receptors?
Answer:
A. Norepinephrine. Activates adrenergic receptors (alpha and beta types) and is part of
the sns
B. Acetylcholine (Ach)
C. Serotonin. Binds to serotonergic receptors (5-HT receptors) and regulates mood,
appetite, and sleep.
D. Dopamine
Explanation:
Muscarinic receptors are a type of cholinergic receptor that are activated by
acetylcholine (ACh). These receptors are primarily found in:
• Parasympathetic target organs (e.g., heart, smooth muscle, glands)
• CNS (central nervous system)
Review of the options:
• A. Norepinephrine
• Activates adrenergic receptors (alpha and beta), part of the sympathetic nervous
system.
• B. Acetylcholine (ACh)
• Activates muscarinic and nicotinic receptors.
• Muscarinic receptors are specifically found in parasympathetic target tissues.
• C. Serotonin
• Binds to 5-HT (serotonin) receptors; involved in mood, sleep, and more—not muscarinic.
• D. Dopamine
• Binds to dopamine receptors (D1–D5); involved in reward, motivation, and movement—
not muscarinic.
Summary: Muscarinic = Acetylcholine, primarily in parasympathetic responses.
, Question: Which of the following neurotransmitters stimulates skeletal
muscles?
Answer:
A. Serotonin
B. Dopamine
C. Norepinephrine
D. Acetylcholine (Ach)
Explanation:
Acetylcholine (ACh) is the neurotransmitter that stimulates skeletal muscles at the
neuromuscular junction by binding to nicotinic receptors.
Breakdown of options:
• A. Serotonin
• Involved in mood, appetite, and sleep regulation; not involved in muscle contraction.
• B. Dopamine
• Regulates movement in the brain (e.g., Parkinson’s disease) but does not directly
stimulate skeletal muscles.
• C. Norepinephrine
• Functions in the sympathetic nervous system, but does not stimulate skeletal muscles.
• D. Acetylcholine (ACh)
• Directly responsible for triggering muscle contractions by activating nicotinic
cholinergic receptors at the motor end plate of skeletal muscle.
Key Point: Nicotinic receptors = skeletal muscle
Muscarinic receptors = parasympathetic organs
