BIOL 252 Human Anatomy & Physiology II
w/Lab Module 1 Actual Exam 2026/2027 |
Verified Questions
Portage Learning | Verified Q&A | University-Level Biology and Health Science Students
This comprehensive actual exam set contains exactly 70 original questions designed to reinforce official
BIOL 252 Module 1 course objectives. The questions cover Blood and Hematology, Cardiovascular System
Anatomy, Cardiovascular System Physiology, and Lymphatic and Immune Systems. Content is original
and constructed to promote scientific proficiency and accurate application of human anatomy and
physiology principles for University-Level Biology and Health Science Students preparing for the actual
examination in the 2026/2027 cycle. Rationales draw upon Portage Learning BIOL 252 materials,
foundational anatomy and physiology textbooks, and current biological science standards.
Domain: Blood and Hematology
1. Which formed element is primarily responsible for oxygen transport in the blood?
A. Leukocytes
B. Erythrocytes
C. Thrombocytes
D. Plasma proteins
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Erythrocytes (red blood cells) contain hemoglobin, which binds and transports oxygen from
the lungs to the tissues.
2. The most abundant plasma protein, which contributes significantly to colloid osmotic
pressure, is:
A. Fibrinogen
B. Albumin
C. Gamma globulin
D. Hemoglobin
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Albumin is the most abundant plasma protein and is the major contributor to plasma colloid
osmotic (oncotic) pressure.
3. Which leukocyte is typically the first to arrive at a site of acute bacterial infection and
performs phagocytosis?
A. Eosinophil
B. Basophil
C. Neutrophil
D. Lymphocyte
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Neutrophils are the most numerous leukocytes and are rapid responders that phagocytize
bacteria at sites of acute infection.
BIOL 252 Human Anatomy & Physiology II w/Lab Module 1 Actual Exam 2026/2027 | Verified Questions
,4. The process by which blood cells are formed in the red bone marrow is called:
A. Hemostasis
B. Hematopoiesis
C. Hemolysis
D. Diapedesis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Hematopoiesis (or hemopoiesis) is the formation of blood cells from hematopoietic stem cells
in red bone marrow.
5. A person with type AB blood has which antigens on the surface of their erythrocytes?
A. Neither A nor B antigens
B. Only A antigens
C. Only B antigens
D. Both A and B antigens
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Type AB erythrocytes express both A and B surface antigens and therefore lack anti-A and
anti-B antibodies in the plasma.
6. Which clotting factor is converted to fibrin by the action of thrombin?
A. Prothrombin
B. Fibrinogen
C. Tissue factor
D. Calcium
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Thrombin cleaves fibrinogen to form insoluble fibrin strands that stabilize the platelet plug
into a clot.
7. Erythropoietin is produced primarily by the:
A. Liver in adults under all conditions
B. Kidneys in response to hypoxia
C. Spleen only during fetal life
D. Bone marrow itself
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The kidneys release erythropoietin when oxygen levels are low, stimulating red blood cell
production in the bone marrow.
8. Which blood type is considered the universal donor for packed red blood cells under
standard conditions?
A. Type AB positive
B. Type O negative
C. Type A positive
D. Type B negative
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Type O negative red cells lack A, B, and Rh antigens, minimizing the risk of agglutination
when transfused to other ABO/Rh types.
9. The hematocrit is a measure of the:
A. Total number of leukocytes
B. Percentage of whole blood volume occupied by erythrocytes
BIOL 252 Human Anatomy & Physiology II w/Lab Module 1 Actual Exam 2026/2027 | Verified Questions
, C. Concentration of plasma proteins only
D. Number of platelets per microliter
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hematocrit is the proportion of blood volume occupied by red blood cells and is a key
indicator of oxygen-carrying capacity.
10. Which leukocyte is most associated with allergic reactions and parasitic infections?
A. Neutrophil
B. Eosinophil
C. Monocyte
D. Basophil only for parasites
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Eosinophils increase in number during parasitic infections and allergic responses and help
modulate inflammatory reactions.
11. The intrinsic pathway of coagulation is initiated by:
A. Tissue factor released from damaged tissues
B. Factors within the blood interacting with collagen or foreign surfaces
C. Only vitamin K deficiency
D. Platelet-derived growth factor alone
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The intrinsic pathway is triggered by contact activation of factors within the blood when
they encounter negatively charged surfaces such as exposed collagen.
12. Platelets are derived from which large precursor cell in the bone marrow?
A. Myeloblast
B. Megakaryocyte
C. Lymphoblast
D. Erythroblast
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Megakaryocytes fragment to release platelets (thrombocytes) into the circulation.
13. Which condition is characterized by an abnormally high number of circulating
erythrocytes?
A. Anemia
B. Polycythemia
C. Leukopenia
D. Thrombocytopenia
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Polycythemia is an elevated red blood cell count that increases blood viscosity and can strain
the cardiovascular system.
14. The Rh factor is clinically important because:
A. It has no relevance to transfusion or pregnancy
B. Incompatibility between Rh-negative mothers and Rh-positive fetuses can cause hemolytic disease
of the newborn
C. It determines ABO blood type
D. It is present only on leukocytes
Correct Answer: A
BIOL 252 Human Anatomy & Physiology II w/Lab Module 1 Actual Exam 2026/2027 | Verified Questions
w/Lab Module 1 Actual Exam 2026/2027 |
Verified Questions
Portage Learning | Verified Q&A | University-Level Biology and Health Science Students
This comprehensive actual exam set contains exactly 70 original questions designed to reinforce official
BIOL 252 Module 1 course objectives. The questions cover Blood and Hematology, Cardiovascular System
Anatomy, Cardiovascular System Physiology, and Lymphatic and Immune Systems. Content is original
and constructed to promote scientific proficiency and accurate application of human anatomy and
physiology principles for University-Level Biology and Health Science Students preparing for the actual
examination in the 2026/2027 cycle. Rationales draw upon Portage Learning BIOL 252 materials,
foundational anatomy and physiology textbooks, and current biological science standards.
Domain: Blood and Hematology
1. Which formed element is primarily responsible for oxygen transport in the blood?
A. Leukocytes
B. Erythrocytes
C. Thrombocytes
D. Plasma proteins
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Erythrocytes (red blood cells) contain hemoglobin, which binds and transports oxygen from
the lungs to the tissues.
2. The most abundant plasma protein, which contributes significantly to colloid osmotic
pressure, is:
A. Fibrinogen
B. Albumin
C. Gamma globulin
D. Hemoglobin
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Albumin is the most abundant plasma protein and is the major contributor to plasma colloid
osmotic (oncotic) pressure.
3. Which leukocyte is typically the first to arrive at a site of acute bacterial infection and
performs phagocytosis?
A. Eosinophil
B. Basophil
C. Neutrophil
D. Lymphocyte
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Neutrophils are the most numerous leukocytes and are rapid responders that phagocytize
bacteria at sites of acute infection.
BIOL 252 Human Anatomy & Physiology II w/Lab Module 1 Actual Exam 2026/2027 | Verified Questions
,4. The process by which blood cells are formed in the red bone marrow is called:
A. Hemostasis
B. Hematopoiesis
C. Hemolysis
D. Diapedesis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Hematopoiesis (or hemopoiesis) is the formation of blood cells from hematopoietic stem cells
in red bone marrow.
5. A person with type AB blood has which antigens on the surface of their erythrocytes?
A. Neither A nor B antigens
B. Only A antigens
C. Only B antigens
D. Both A and B antigens
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Type AB erythrocytes express both A and B surface antigens and therefore lack anti-A and
anti-B antibodies in the plasma.
6. Which clotting factor is converted to fibrin by the action of thrombin?
A. Prothrombin
B. Fibrinogen
C. Tissue factor
D. Calcium
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Thrombin cleaves fibrinogen to form insoluble fibrin strands that stabilize the platelet plug
into a clot.
7. Erythropoietin is produced primarily by the:
A. Liver in adults under all conditions
B. Kidneys in response to hypoxia
C. Spleen only during fetal life
D. Bone marrow itself
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The kidneys release erythropoietin when oxygen levels are low, stimulating red blood cell
production in the bone marrow.
8. Which blood type is considered the universal donor for packed red blood cells under
standard conditions?
A. Type AB positive
B. Type O negative
C. Type A positive
D. Type B negative
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Type O negative red cells lack A, B, and Rh antigens, minimizing the risk of agglutination
when transfused to other ABO/Rh types.
9. The hematocrit is a measure of the:
A. Total number of leukocytes
B. Percentage of whole blood volume occupied by erythrocytes
BIOL 252 Human Anatomy & Physiology II w/Lab Module 1 Actual Exam 2026/2027 | Verified Questions
, C. Concentration of plasma proteins only
D. Number of platelets per microliter
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hematocrit is the proportion of blood volume occupied by red blood cells and is a key
indicator of oxygen-carrying capacity.
10. Which leukocyte is most associated with allergic reactions and parasitic infections?
A. Neutrophil
B. Eosinophil
C. Monocyte
D. Basophil only for parasites
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Eosinophils increase in number during parasitic infections and allergic responses and help
modulate inflammatory reactions.
11. The intrinsic pathway of coagulation is initiated by:
A. Tissue factor released from damaged tissues
B. Factors within the blood interacting with collagen or foreign surfaces
C. Only vitamin K deficiency
D. Platelet-derived growth factor alone
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The intrinsic pathway is triggered by contact activation of factors within the blood when
they encounter negatively charged surfaces such as exposed collagen.
12. Platelets are derived from which large precursor cell in the bone marrow?
A. Myeloblast
B. Megakaryocyte
C. Lymphoblast
D. Erythroblast
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Megakaryocytes fragment to release platelets (thrombocytes) into the circulation.
13. Which condition is characterized by an abnormally high number of circulating
erythrocytes?
A. Anemia
B. Polycythemia
C. Leukopenia
D. Thrombocytopenia
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Polycythemia is an elevated red blood cell count that increases blood viscosity and can strain
the cardiovascular system.
14. The Rh factor is clinically important because:
A. It has no relevance to transfusion or pregnancy
B. Incompatibility between Rh-negative mothers and Rh-positive fetuses can cause hemolytic disease
of the newborn
C. It determines ABO blood type
D. It is present only on leukocytes
Correct Answer: A
BIOL 252 Human Anatomy & Physiology II w/Lab Module 1 Actual Exam 2026/2027 | Verified Questions
