Arizona State University-Downtown Phoenix ASU HCR 240 Sarder:
Exam #2 || with Certified Answers.
what is the difference between a closed and open fracture? correct answers closed is within the
skin and open is shown by a break in the skin or a wound around the fracture area
what is a complete fracture correct answers fracture where bone is broken all the way through
what is an incomplete fracture correct answers bone is damaged but still in one piece
what is a displaced fracture correct answers bone ends are out of normal alignment (anatomical
postition)
what is a comminuted fracture correct answers when a bone is a complete fracture broken into
more than 2 fragments
what are the 4 directionality types of fractures? correct answers transverse
linear
oblique
spiral
what is a bowing fracture correct answers The bone is bent without any real break
t/f bowing fractures are most common in children correct answers TRUE
what is a greenstick fracture correct answers type of fracture where the bone bends and splits,
causing a crack or incomplete break
,t/f greenstick fractures are more common in adults correct answers FALSE; most common in
pediatrics
what is an epiphyseal fracture correct answers A fracture near the growth plate
what is the classification system used for epiphyseal plate fractures? correct answers SALTER
classification
what are the 3 types of fracture treatment correct answers reduction
traction
fixation
what is used in reduction fracture treatment correct answers the realignment of bone fragments
what is traction fracture treatment correct answers the use of weights to reduce fracture into
proper alignment
t/f traction fracture treatment is long term correct answers FALSE; typically short term until
patient can go into surgery
what is fixation fracture treatment correct answers immobilization of bones
what are some examples of tools used for fixation of a fracture correct answers halo (head/neck)
and rods/screws
what are the 5 stages of the bone healing process correct answers 1. hematoma formation
2. procallus formation
3. callus formation
4. replacement
, 5. remodeling
what happens in hematoma formation in the bone healing process? correct answers fibrin and
platelets are activated to form a blood clot and framework for healing
what happens in the procallus formation in the bone healing process? correct answers fibroblasts
and osteoblasts create granulation tissue (procallus)
what happens in the callus formation in the bone healing process? correct answers procallus is
hardened by the increase in phosphate and calcium deposition (everything stiffens)
what happens in the replacement stage of the bone healing process? correct answers callus is
replaced by lamellar or trabecular bone
what happens in the remodeling phase of the bone healing process? correct answers bone returns
to normal with the help of osteoclasts
what is the difference between a sprain and a strain? correct answers strain: injury to tendon
(muscle --> bone)
sprain: injury to ligament (bone --> bone)
what are the clinical manifestations of strains/sprains? correct answers pain, limited range of
motion, swelling, discoloration
what does rhabdomyolysis mean? correct answers striated muscle necrosis
what is the most common cause of rhabdomyolysis? correct answers trauma such as crush
injuries, falls, edema
Exam #2 || with Certified Answers.
what is the difference between a closed and open fracture? correct answers closed is within the
skin and open is shown by a break in the skin or a wound around the fracture area
what is a complete fracture correct answers fracture where bone is broken all the way through
what is an incomplete fracture correct answers bone is damaged but still in one piece
what is a displaced fracture correct answers bone ends are out of normal alignment (anatomical
postition)
what is a comminuted fracture correct answers when a bone is a complete fracture broken into
more than 2 fragments
what are the 4 directionality types of fractures? correct answers transverse
linear
oblique
spiral
what is a bowing fracture correct answers The bone is bent without any real break
t/f bowing fractures are most common in children correct answers TRUE
what is a greenstick fracture correct answers type of fracture where the bone bends and splits,
causing a crack or incomplete break
,t/f greenstick fractures are more common in adults correct answers FALSE; most common in
pediatrics
what is an epiphyseal fracture correct answers A fracture near the growth plate
what is the classification system used for epiphyseal plate fractures? correct answers SALTER
classification
what are the 3 types of fracture treatment correct answers reduction
traction
fixation
what is used in reduction fracture treatment correct answers the realignment of bone fragments
what is traction fracture treatment correct answers the use of weights to reduce fracture into
proper alignment
t/f traction fracture treatment is long term correct answers FALSE; typically short term until
patient can go into surgery
what is fixation fracture treatment correct answers immobilization of bones
what are some examples of tools used for fixation of a fracture correct answers halo (head/neck)
and rods/screws
what are the 5 stages of the bone healing process correct answers 1. hematoma formation
2. procallus formation
3. callus formation
4. replacement
, 5. remodeling
what happens in hematoma formation in the bone healing process? correct answers fibrin and
platelets are activated to form a blood clot and framework for healing
what happens in the procallus formation in the bone healing process? correct answers fibroblasts
and osteoblasts create granulation tissue (procallus)
what happens in the callus formation in the bone healing process? correct answers procallus is
hardened by the increase in phosphate and calcium deposition (everything stiffens)
what happens in the replacement stage of the bone healing process? correct answers callus is
replaced by lamellar or trabecular bone
what happens in the remodeling phase of the bone healing process? correct answers bone returns
to normal with the help of osteoclasts
what is the difference between a sprain and a strain? correct answers strain: injury to tendon
(muscle --> bone)
sprain: injury to ligament (bone --> bone)
what are the clinical manifestations of strains/sprains? correct answers pain, limited range of
motion, swelling, discoloration
what does rhabdomyolysis mean? correct answers striated muscle necrosis
what is the most common cause of rhabdomyolysis? correct answers trauma such as crush
injuries, falls, edema
