Galen Pharmacology Exam 3 | Questions with 100% Verified
Answers | Latest Update 2026/2027
Question: Furosemide (Lasix)
Answer:
Potassium Wasting Loop Diuretic used for Edema.
Inhibition of sodium and water reabsorption from the Loop of Henle and distal renal
tubes. K, Mg, Ca may also be excreted.
Adverse Reactions: orthostatic hypotension, hyperglycemia, K+,Na+, Mag+ deficit
Question: Spironolactone (Aldactone)
Answer:
Potassium Sparing Diuretic used for Edema
Acts on distal renal tubes to promote sodium and water excretion and potassium
retention.
Adverse Reactions: severe hyperkalemia, thrombocytopenia
Question: Hydrochlorothiazide (Microzide)
Answer:
Potassium Wasting Thiazide Diuretic used for increasing urine output and edema
Action is on the renal distule tubes, promoting Na, K, and water excretion and decreasing
preload and cardiac output; also decreases edema; acts on arterioles and causes
vasodilation, thus decreasing blood pressure
Adverse Reactions: orthostatic hypotension, hyponatremia, hypokalemia, hypercalcemia
Question: Mannitol (Osmitrol)
Answer:
Potassium Wasting Osmotic Diuretic used for IOP ICP and edema
Increases osmolality (concentration) and sodium reabsoprtion in the proximal tubue and
Loop of Henle.
Adverse Reactions: pulmonary edema, tachycardia from rapid shift of fluids
Mannitol can crystallize so it must be warmed to dissolve crystals before administration
Question: Prazosin (Minipress)
Answer:
Potassium Wasting Alpha Adrenergic Blocker used to control hypertension
Dilates peripheral blood vessels by blocking alpha adrenergic receptors.
Adverse Effects: orthostatic hypotension, palpitation, tachycardia
, Question: Nifedipine (Procardia)
Answer:
Calcium Channel Blocker used for hypertension and angina
Blocks calcium channel in the VSM (vascular smooth muscle), promoting vasodilation.
Adverse Reactions: bradycardia and AV block
Question: Metoprolol (Lopressor)
Answer:
Cardiac Selective Beta Blocker used for hypertension
Promotes blood pressure reduction via a beta1-blocking effect. Slows heart rate down
which decreases blood pressure.
Adverse Reactions: Bradycardia, thrombocytopenia,
Life Threatening: Bronchospasm
Question: Propranolol (Hemangeol)
Answer:
Antagonist Adrenergic Blocker/Non-Selective Beta Blocker used for hypertension, AMI,
angina
Heartrate slows and bronchoconstriction occurs.
Adverse Reactions: Bradycardia, hyperkalemia, seizures, bronchospasm
Question: Lisinopril (Zestril)
Answer:
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitor used for hypertension
Vasodilation which lowers resistance which makes it easier for heart to pump.
Adverse Reactions: hyperkalemia, angioedema, laryngeal edema
Question: Valsartan (Diovan)
Answer:
Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs) used for hypertension and heart failure
Potent vasodilator that inhibits binding of angiotensin II.
Adverse Reactions: Orthostatic hypotension, hyperkalemia
Life Threatening: Renal Dysfunction
Question: Isoniazid (Hydra)
Answer:
Antitubercular used to treat TB and as a prophylactic for TB
Bactericidal or bacteriostatic inhibits bacterial cell-wall synthesis.
Adverse Reactions: peripheral neuropathy, vitamin B6 deficiency, hyperglycemia,
hepatoxicity, seizure
Answers | Latest Update 2026/2027
Question: Furosemide (Lasix)
Answer:
Potassium Wasting Loop Diuretic used for Edema.
Inhibition of sodium and water reabsorption from the Loop of Henle and distal renal
tubes. K, Mg, Ca may also be excreted.
Adverse Reactions: orthostatic hypotension, hyperglycemia, K+,Na+, Mag+ deficit
Question: Spironolactone (Aldactone)
Answer:
Potassium Sparing Diuretic used for Edema
Acts on distal renal tubes to promote sodium and water excretion and potassium
retention.
Adverse Reactions: severe hyperkalemia, thrombocytopenia
Question: Hydrochlorothiazide (Microzide)
Answer:
Potassium Wasting Thiazide Diuretic used for increasing urine output and edema
Action is on the renal distule tubes, promoting Na, K, and water excretion and decreasing
preload and cardiac output; also decreases edema; acts on arterioles and causes
vasodilation, thus decreasing blood pressure
Adverse Reactions: orthostatic hypotension, hyponatremia, hypokalemia, hypercalcemia
Question: Mannitol (Osmitrol)
Answer:
Potassium Wasting Osmotic Diuretic used for IOP ICP and edema
Increases osmolality (concentration) and sodium reabsoprtion in the proximal tubue and
Loop of Henle.
Adverse Reactions: pulmonary edema, tachycardia from rapid shift of fluids
Mannitol can crystallize so it must be warmed to dissolve crystals before administration
Question: Prazosin (Minipress)
Answer:
Potassium Wasting Alpha Adrenergic Blocker used to control hypertension
Dilates peripheral blood vessels by blocking alpha adrenergic receptors.
Adverse Effects: orthostatic hypotension, palpitation, tachycardia
, Question: Nifedipine (Procardia)
Answer:
Calcium Channel Blocker used for hypertension and angina
Blocks calcium channel in the VSM (vascular smooth muscle), promoting vasodilation.
Adverse Reactions: bradycardia and AV block
Question: Metoprolol (Lopressor)
Answer:
Cardiac Selective Beta Blocker used for hypertension
Promotes blood pressure reduction via a beta1-blocking effect. Slows heart rate down
which decreases blood pressure.
Adverse Reactions: Bradycardia, thrombocytopenia,
Life Threatening: Bronchospasm
Question: Propranolol (Hemangeol)
Answer:
Antagonist Adrenergic Blocker/Non-Selective Beta Blocker used for hypertension, AMI,
angina
Heartrate slows and bronchoconstriction occurs.
Adverse Reactions: Bradycardia, hyperkalemia, seizures, bronchospasm
Question: Lisinopril (Zestril)
Answer:
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitor used for hypertension
Vasodilation which lowers resistance which makes it easier for heart to pump.
Adverse Reactions: hyperkalemia, angioedema, laryngeal edema
Question: Valsartan (Diovan)
Answer:
Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs) used for hypertension and heart failure
Potent vasodilator that inhibits binding of angiotensin II.
Adverse Reactions: Orthostatic hypotension, hyperkalemia
Life Threatening: Renal Dysfunction
Question: Isoniazid (Hydra)
Answer:
Antitubercular used to treat TB and as a prophylactic for TB
Bactericidal or bacteriostatic inhibits bacterial cell-wall synthesis.
Adverse Reactions: peripheral neuropathy, vitamin B6 deficiency, hyperglycemia,
hepatoxicity, seizure
