WGU C777 Objective Assessment – Practice Exam with 200
Questions & Answers 2026/2027 pass A+
Question 1
A client is diagnosed with metaplasia in the bronchial epithelium. The
nurse recognizes that this cellular adaptation:
• A. Is an irreversible process indicating imminent malignancy.
• B. Represents the replacement of one mature cell type with
another, often in response to chronic irritation.
• C. Results in a significant increase in the rate of DNA replication
and cell division.
• D. Is the direct result of a lack of oxygen to the bronchial tissue.
Correct Answer: B. Represents the replacement of one mature cell type
with another, often in response to chronic irritation.
Detailed Rationale: Metaplasia is a reversible cellular adaptation where
one adult cell type is replaced by another, usually better suited to
survive a stressor (e.g., columnar epithelium changing to squamous
epithelium in smokers).
Question 2
Which mechanism best describes the pathophysiology of Type I
hypersensitivity reactions?
• A. Immune complexes deposited in vessel walls activating
complement cascades.
, • B. T-lymphocytes releasing cytokines that recruit macrophages
and cause delayed tissue destruction.
• C. IgE antibodies binding to mast cells, leading to degranulation
and histamine release upon allergen exposure.
• D. IgG or IgM antibodies attacking specific cell surface antigens,
resulting in cell lysis.
Correct Answer: C. IgE antibodies binding to mast cells, leading to
degranulation and histamine release upon allergen exposure.
Detailed Rationale: Type I hypersensitivity is an immediate allergic
reaction mediated by IgE antibodies, which bind to mast cells and
basophils, triggering the rapid release of inflammatory mediators like
histamine.
Question 3
A patient experiences prolonged myocardial ischemia resulting in
irreversible cellular injury and cell death. Which cellular change is
characteristic of coagulative necrosis?
• A. Enzymatic digestion of brain tissue resulting in liquid, viscous
masses.
• B. Preservation of tissue architecture for days with protein
denaturation.
• C. Caseous cheese-like debris enclosed within a distinct
inflammatory border.
• D. Fat saponification resulting in opaque, chalky white deposits.
,Correct Answer: B. Preservation of tissue architecture for days with
protein denaturation.
Detailed Rationale: Coagulative necrosis primarily occurs in hypoxic
environments (like the heart and kidneys), where protein denaturation
causes the cell outlines to be preserved for several days.
Question 4
Which laboratory finding is indicative of uncompensated metabolic
acidosis?
• A. Increased pH, increased HCO−
3
• B. Decreased pH, decreased HCO−
3
• C. Decreased pH, increased PaCO2
• D. Increased pH, decreased PaCO2
Correct Answer: B. Decreased pH, decreased HCO−
3
Detailed Rationale: Metabolic acidosis is characterized by a primary
deficit in bicarbonate (HCO−
3 ), leading to a drop in blood pH below the
normal range without immediate respiratory compensation.
Question 5
Which genetic disorder follows an X-linked recessive inheritance
pattern?
• A. Cystic fibrosis
• B. Huntington disease
• C. Duchenne muscular dystrophy
• D. Marfan syndrome
, Correct Answer: C. Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Detailed Rationale: Duchenne muscular dystrophy is an X-linked
recessive condition, meaning it predominantly affects males who inherit
a single mutated X chromosome from their mother.
Question 6
What is the primary pathophysiological mechanism responsible for
edema formation in chronic venous insufficiency?
• A. Decreased capillary hydrostatic pressure
• B. Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure due to venous valve
incompetence
• C. Decreased plasma oncotic pressure from systemic protein loss
• D. Increased capillary permeability from acute inflammation
Correct Answer: B. Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure due to
venous valve incompetence
Detailed Rationale: Incompetent venous valves allow blood to pool in
the lower extremities, raising capillary hydrostatic pressure and forcing
fluid out into the interstitial spaces.
Question 7
Which cellular organelle is primarily responsible for generating
adenosine triphosphate (ATP) via oxidative phosphorylation?
• A. Endoplasmic reticulum
• B. Golgi apparatus
• C. Mitochondria
Questions & Answers 2026/2027 pass A+
Question 1
A client is diagnosed with metaplasia in the bronchial epithelium. The
nurse recognizes that this cellular adaptation:
• A. Is an irreversible process indicating imminent malignancy.
• B. Represents the replacement of one mature cell type with
another, often in response to chronic irritation.
• C. Results in a significant increase in the rate of DNA replication
and cell division.
• D. Is the direct result of a lack of oxygen to the bronchial tissue.
Correct Answer: B. Represents the replacement of one mature cell type
with another, often in response to chronic irritation.
Detailed Rationale: Metaplasia is a reversible cellular adaptation where
one adult cell type is replaced by another, usually better suited to
survive a stressor (e.g., columnar epithelium changing to squamous
epithelium in smokers).
Question 2
Which mechanism best describes the pathophysiology of Type I
hypersensitivity reactions?
• A. Immune complexes deposited in vessel walls activating
complement cascades.
, • B. T-lymphocytes releasing cytokines that recruit macrophages
and cause delayed tissue destruction.
• C. IgE antibodies binding to mast cells, leading to degranulation
and histamine release upon allergen exposure.
• D. IgG or IgM antibodies attacking specific cell surface antigens,
resulting in cell lysis.
Correct Answer: C. IgE antibodies binding to mast cells, leading to
degranulation and histamine release upon allergen exposure.
Detailed Rationale: Type I hypersensitivity is an immediate allergic
reaction mediated by IgE antibodies, which bind to mast cells and
basophils, triggering the rapid release of inflammatory mediators like
histamine.
Question 3
A patient experiences prolonged myocardial ischemia resulting in
irreversible cellular injury and cell death. Which cellular change is
characteristic of coagulative necrosis?
• A. Enzymatic digestion of brain tissue resulting in liquid, viscous
masses.
• B. Preservation of tissue architecture for days with protein
denaturation.
• C. Caseous cheese-like debris enclosed within a distinct
inflammatory border.
• D. Fat saponification resulting in opaque, chalky white deposits.
,Correct Answer: B. Preservation of tissue architecture for days with
protein denaturation.
Detailed Rationale: Coagulative necrosis primarily occurs in hypoxic
environments (like the heart and kidneys), where protein denaturation
causes the cell outlines to be preserved for several days.
Question 4
Which laboratory finding is indicative of uncompensated metabolic
acidosis?
• A. Increased pH, increased HCO−
3
• B. Decreased pH, decreased HCO−
3
• C. Decreased pH, increased PaCO2
• D. Increased pH, decreased PaCO2
Correct Answer: B. Decreased pH, decreased HCO−
3
Detailed Rationale: Metabolic acidosis is characterized by a primary
deficit in bicarbonate (HCO−
3 ), leading to a drop in blood pH below the
normal range without immediate respiratory compensation.
Question 5
Which genetic disorder follows an X-linked recessive inheritance
pattern?
• A. Cystic fibrosis
• B. Huntington disease
• C. Duchenne muscular dystrophy
• D. Marfan syndrome
, Correct Answer: C. Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Detailed Rationale: Duchenne muscular dystrophy is an X-linked
recessive condition, meaning it predominantly affects males who inherit
a single mutated X chromosome from their mother.
Question 6
What is the primary pathophysiological mechanism responsible for
edema formation in chronic venous insufficiency?
• A. Decreased capillary hydrostatic pressure
• B. Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure due to venous valve
incompetence
• C. Decreased plasma oncotic pressure from systemic protein loss
• D. Increased capillary permeability from acute inflammation
Correct Answer: B. Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure due to
venous valve incompetence
Detailed Rationale: Incompetent venous valves allow blood to pool in
the lower extremities, raising capillary hydrostatic pressure and forcing
fluid out into the interstitial spaces.
Question 7
Which cellular organelle is primarily responsible for generating
adenosine triphosphate (ATP) via oxidative phosphorylation?
• A. Endoplasmic reticulum
• B. Golgi apparatus
• C. Mitochondria
