HESI RN FUNDAMENTALS EXIT EXAM
2025–2026 PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS WITH DETAILED
RATIONALES NURSING FUNDAMENTALS
STUDY GUIDE A+ EXAM PREPARATION
An older adult who recently began self-administration of insulin calls the
nurse daily to review the steps that should be taken when giving an
injection. The nurse has assessed the client's skills during two previous
office visits and knows that the client safely administered the injections.
What is the nurse's best response?
A.
"I know you are capable of giving yourself the insulin."
B.
"Giving yourself the injection seems to make you nervous."
C.
"When I watched you give yourself the injection, you did it correctly."
D.
"Tell me what you want me to do to help you give yourself the injection at
home." - CORRECT ANSWER-C
Rationale: The nurse needs to focus on the client's positive behaviors, so
focusing on the client's demonstrated ability to self-administer the injection
is likely to reinforce his level of competence without sounding punitive.
Option A does not focus on the specific behaviors related to giving the
injection and could be interpreted as punitive. Option B uses reflective
dialogue to assess the client's feelings, but telling the client that he is
,nervous may serve as a negative reinforcement of this behavior. Option D
reinforces the client's dependence on the nurse.
The nurse is preparing to change the bed of a client who is non-responsive,
and receiving continuous enteral tube feedings. What step must the nurse
take prior to changing the bed?
A.
Stop the feeding for 15 minutes prior to changing the bed.
B.
Obtain extra linens to absorb any feeding that leaks out of the mouth.
C.
Ask another nurse to help with changing the bed.
D.
Ask the client's spouse to leave the room during the bed change. -
CORRECT ANSWER-A
Rationale: This client is at risk for aspiration during the bed change as the
head of the bed must be lowered. Stopping the feeding will help decompress
the stomach and decrease the risk. The client should not be leaking fluid
out of the mouth. Check the feeding for residual. If the feeding is not
moving out of the stomach, notify the healthcare provider. Assistance with
changing a bed is nice for the nurse, but is not imperative for the client's
safety. The spouse does not need to leave the room.
The nurse is at a teen event. Which teen's statement would cause the nurse
to input some safety tips? (Select all that apply.)
A.
"My boyfriend and I fool around on occasion, but he never comes when he
is inside me."
,B.
"I hang around with my friends after the games, like football and baseball."
C.
"I work until 10:00 pm at a local fast-food restaurant."
D.
"I never use my seatbelt while I am driving. I hate the way it feels."
E.
"We often go and play beach volleyball when it is nice out." - CORRECT
ANSWER-A, D
Rationale: Sexual exploration is not uncommon as a teen. However,
pregnancy can occur with ejaculation on the perineal area. Accidents are
the leading cause of death in the teen years and seatbelt use must be
encouraged at all times. The remaining statements demonstrate normal
growth and development for the teen years.
By rolling contaminated gloves inside-out, the nurse is affecting which step
in the chain of infection?
A.
Mode of transmission
B.
Portal of entry
C.
Reservoir
D.
Portal of exit - CORRECT ANSWER-A
, Rationale: The contaminated gloves serve as the mode of transmission from
the portal of exit of the reservoir to a portal of entry.
The health care provider diagnoses metastatic cancer and recommends a
gastrostomy for an elderly client in stable condition. The client's adult child
is concerned and states to the nurse, "I don't think my parent 'can handle'
the cancer diagnosis." What information will guide the nurse's response?
A.
The family can provide the consent required in this situation because the
older adult is in no condition to make such decisions.
B.
Because the client is mentally incompetent, the adult child has the right to
waive informed consent for the parent.
C.
The court will allow the health care provider to make the decision to
withhold informed consent under therapeutic privilege.
D.
If informed consent is withheld from a client, health care providers could
be found guilty of negligence. - CORRECT ANSWER-D
Rationale: Health care providers may be found guilty of negligence,
specifically assault and battery, if they carry out a treatment without the
client's consent. The client's condition is stable, so option A is not a valid
rationale. Advanced age does not automatically authorize the son to make
all decisions for his mother, and there is no evidence that the client is
mentally incompetent. Although option C may have been upheld in the
past, when paternalistic medical practice was common, today's courts are
unlikely to accept it.
2025–2026 PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS WITH DETAILED
RATIONALES NURSING FUNDAMENTALS
STUDY GUIDE A+ EXAM PREPARATION
An older adult who recently began self-administration of insulin calls the
nurse daily to review the steps that should be taken when giving an
injection. The nurse has assessed the client's skills during two previous
office visits and knows that the client safely administered the injections.
What is the nurse's best response?
A.
"I know you are capable of giving yourself the insulin."
B.
"Giving yourself the injection seems to make you nervous."
C.
"When I watched you give yourself the injection, you did it correctly."
D.
"Tell me what you want me to do to help you give yourself the injection at
home." - CORRECT ANSWER-C
Rationale: The nurse needs to focus on the client's positive behaviors, so
focusing on the client's demonstrated ability to self-administer the injection
is likely to reinforce his level of competence without sounding punitive.
Option A does not focus on the specific behaviors related to giving the
injection and could be interpreted as punitive. Option B uses reflective
dialogue to assess the client's feelings, but telling the client that he is
,nervous may serve as a negative reinforcement of this behavior. Option D
reinforces the client's dependence on the nurse.
The nurse is preparing to change the bed of a client who is non-responsive,
and receiving continuous enteral tube feedings. What step must the nurse
take prior to changing the bed?
A.
Stop the feeding for 15 minutes prior to changing the bed.
B.
Obtain extra linens to absorb any feeding that leaks out of the mouth.
C.
Ask another nurse to help with changing the bed.
D.
Ask the client's spouse to leave the room during the bed change. -
CORRECT ANSWER-A
Rationale: This client is at risk for aspiration during the bed change as the
head of the bed must be lowered. Stopping the feeding will help decompress
the stomach and decrease the risk. The client should not be leaking fluid
out of the mouth. Check the feeding for residual. If the feeding is not
moving out of the stomach, notify the healthcare provider. Assistance with
changing a bed is nice for the nurse, but is not imperative for the client's
safety. The spouse does not need to leave the room.
The nurse is at a teen event. Which teen's statement would cause the nurse
to input some safety tips? (Select all that apply.)
A.
"My boyfriend and I fool around on occasion, but he never comes when he
is inside me."
,B.
"I hang around with my friends after the games, like football and baseball."
C.
"I work until 10:00 pm at a local fast-food restaurant."
D.
"I never use my seatbelt while I am driving. I hate the way it feels."
E.
"We often go and play beach volleyball when it is nice out." - CORRECT
ANSWER-A, D
Rationale: Sexual exploration is not uncommon as a teen. However,
pregnancy can occur with ejaculation on the perineal area. Accidents are
the leading cause of death in the teen years and seatbelt use must be
encouraged at all times. The remaining statements demonstrate normal
growth and development for the teen years.
By rolling contaminated gloves inside-out, the nurse is affecting which step
in the chain of infection?
A.
Mode of transmission
B.
Portal of entry
C.
Reservoir
D.
Portal of exit - CORRECT ANSWER-A
, Rationale: The contaminated gloves serve as the mode of transmission from
the portal of exit of the reservoir to a portal of entry.
The health care provider diagnoses metastatic cancer and recommends a
gastrostomy for an elderly client in stable condition. The client's adult child
is concerned and states to the nurse, "I don't think my parent 'can handle'
the cancer diagnosis." What information will guide the nurse's response?
A.
The family can provide the consent required in this situation because the
older adult is in no condition to make such decisions.
B.
Because the client is mentally incompetent, the adult child has the right to
waive informed consent for the parent.
C.
The court will allow the health care provider to make the decision to
withhold informed consent under therapeutic privilege.
D.
If informed consent is withheld from a client, health care providers could
be found guilty of negligence. - CORRECT ANSWER-D
Rationale: Health care providers may be found guilty of negligence,
specifically assault and battery, if they carry out a treatment without the
client's consent. The client's condition is stable, so option A is not a valid
rationale. Advanced age does not automatically authorize the son to make
all decisions for his mother, and there is no evidence that the client is
mentally incompetent. Although option C may have been upheld in the
past, when paternalistic medical practice was common, today's courts are
unlikely to accept it.
