NURS 629 EXAM TWO FINAL REVIEW 2026
FULL QUESTIONS AND COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
⩥ What level is conjugated hyperbilirubinemia?
Answer: serum conjugated bilirubin concentration greater than 1 mg/dL
if the total bilirubin is less than 5.0 mg/dL or more than 20% of the total
bilirubin if the the total bilirubin is greater than 5 mg/dL (p. 862 AAP
book)
⩥ What is breastfeeding jaundice?
Answer: -due to poor intake that causes lack of stools and urine output
-common in first week and resolves once milk comes in and infant is
feeding well-more stools and urinary output
-peaks around 2-3 weeks
⩥ How do you diagnose jaundice?
Answer: -dx with a bili level of 5 mg/dL
-12 mg/dL threshold for all newborns having jaundiced appearance
-direct/indirect bili levels
-CBC
-reticulocyte count
,⩥ How do you treat jaundice?
Answer: increased intake
indirect sunlight
phototherapy
IV fluids
⩥ What are other causes of jaundice?
Answer: abnormal blood cell shapes (like sickle cell)
Rh incompatibility
cephalohematoma
polycythemia (increased RBCs, SGA infants, twins)
infection
specific enzyme disorders
⩥ What is biliary atresia?
Answer: -life-threatening condition causing a blockage of bile ducts
inside or outside of liver
-leads to build-up of toxins (like bilirubin)
-malabsorption of fat-soluble vitamins A,D,E,K
-scaring of the liver, loss of tissue, cirrhosis
-not inherited
,⩥ What are the two types of biliary atresia?
Answer: fetal- noted in womb (other defects like heart, spleed,
intestines)
perinatal- appears 2-4 weeks after birth
⩥ What causes biliary atresia?
Answer: -infection after birth (cytomegalovirus or rotavirus)
-autoimmune disorder
-developmental issue in womb
-exposure to toxic substances
⩥ What are symptoms of biliary atresia?
Answer: jaundice
dark urine
light to white stools
poor wt gain and growth
⩥ How do you diagnose biliary atresia?
Answer: any infant with jaundice present 2-3 weeks after birth
-direct and indirect serum bilirubin
-LFTs
-abdominal x-ray
, -abdominal US
-liver bx
⩥ How do you treat biliary atresia?
Answer: surgery (Kasai procedure)
liver transplant
⩥ What are risk factors for dehydration?
Answer: GI virus
vomiting/diarrhea
⩥ What are s/sx of dehydration?
Answer: sunken anterior fontanel
tachycardia and decrease cap refill
decrease urine output is sensitive but nonspecific
increase in urine specific gravity
decrease BP- late finding=more than 10% fluid loss
⩥ How do you treat dehydration?
Answer: if minimal, mild, moderate- oral rehydration
if severe (drowsy, cold extremities, lethargic, sunken/dry eyes, very
depressed anterior fontanel, no tears, dry mouth/tongue, very decreased
FULL QUESTIONS AND COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
⩥ What level is conjugated hyperbilirubinemia?
Answer: serum conjugated bilirubin concentration greater than 1 mg/dL
if the total bilirubin is less than 5.0 mg/dL or more than 20% of the total
bilirubin if the the total bilirubin is greater than 5 mg/dL (p. 862 AAP
book)
⩥ What is breastfeeding jaundice?
Answer: -due to poor intake that causes lack of stools and urine output
-common in first week and resolves once milk comes in and infant is
feeding well-more stools and urinary output
-peaks around 2-3 weeks
⩥ How do you diagnose jaundice?
Answer: -dx with a bili level of 5 mg/dL
-12 mg/dL threshold for all newborns having jaundiced appearance
-direct/indirect bili levels
-CBC
-reticulocyte count
,⩥ How do you treat jaundice?
Answer: increased intake
indirect sunlight
phototherapy
IV fluids
⩥ What are other causes of jaundice?
Answer: abnormal blood cell shapes (like sickle cell)
Rh incompatibility
cephalohematoma
polycythemia (increased RBCs, SGA infants, twins)
infection
specific enzyme disorders
⩥ What is biliary atresia?
Answer: -life-threatening condition causing a blockage of bile ducts
inside or outside of liver
-leads to build-up of toxins (like bilirubin)
-malabsorption of fat-soluble vitamins A,D,E,K
-scaring of the liver, loss of tissue, cirrhosis
-not inherited
,⩥ What are the two types of biliary atresia?
Answer: fetal- noted in womb (other defects like heart, spleed,
intestines)
perinatal- appears 2-4 weeks after birth
⩥ What causes biliary atresia?
Answer: -infection after birth (cytomegalovirus or rotavirus)
-autoimmune disorder
-developmental issue in womb
-exposure to toxic substances
⩥ What are symptoms of biliary atresia?
Answer: jaundice
dark urine
light to white stools
poor wt gain and growth
⩥ How do you diagnose biliary atresia?
Answer: any infant with jaundice present 2-3 weeks after birth
-direct and indirect serum bilirubin
-LFTs
-abdominal x-ray
, -abdominal US
-liver bx
⩥ How do you treat biliary atresia?
Answer: surgery (Kasai procedure)
liver transplant
⩥ What are risk factors for dehydration?
Answer: GI virus
vomiting/diarrhea
⩥ What are s/sx of dehydration?
Answer: sunken anterior fontanel
tachycardia and decrease cap refill
decrease urine output is sensitive but nonspecific
increase in urine specific gravity
decrease BP- late finding=more than 10% fluid loss
⩥ How do you treat dehydration?
Answer: if minimal, mild, moderate- oral rehydration
if severe (drowsy, cold extremities, lethargic, sunken/dry eyes, very
depressed anterior fontanel, no tears, dry mouth/tongue, very decreased
