NURS 610A EXAM 2 2026 EXAM PREPARATION
PACK KEY CLINICAL DECISION MAKING
DISEASE PROCESSES AND PATIENT
MANAGEMENT WITH SAMPLE QUESTIONS
◉ Which intervention should the nurse perform to reduce the ICP in
a patient with an acute TBI?
A Flatten the head of the bed
B. Maintain the head and neck in neutral alignment
C. Suction patient every hour
D. Slightly hypoventilate the patient. Answer: B. Maintain the head
and neck in neutral alignment
◉ What nursing intervention reduces secondary injury?
A. Maintaining CPP less than 60 mm/Hg
B. Vigerous suctioning of the patient
C. Spacing patient care activities
D. Keeping the patient flat at all times. Answer: C. Spacing patient
care activities
◉ What is the result of increased metabolic demand?
A. Decreased oxygen consumption
,B. Decreased carbon dioxide production
C. Increased oxygen consumption
D. Increased carbon dioxide production. Answer: C. Increased
oxygen consumption
◉ Which condition is the most common indirect predisposing
disorder of ARDS?
A. Gastric aspiration
B. Severe trauma
C. Sepsis
D. Pneumonia. Answer: C. Sepsis
◉ The pulmonary edema associated with ARDS is caused by which
condition?
A. Capillary microembolism
B. Left ventricular failure
C. Loss of surfactant
D. Injured alveolar-capillary membrane. Answer: D. Injured alveolar-
capillary membrane
◉ The pulmonary edema of ARDS differs from the pulmonary edema
of HF in which way?
A. In HF, PAWP is less than 18
,B. In HF, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid is protein rich
C. In ARDS, heart enlargement in typically noted
D. In ARDS, BAL fluid contains inflammatory cells. Answer: D. In
ARDS, BAL fluid contains inflammatory cells
◉ According to the ARDS consensus criteria, a diagnosis of ARDS
requires a P/F ratio of less than _____ mm/Hg
A. 175
B. 200
C, 225
D. 300. Answer: B. 200
◉ The term 'permissive hypercapnia' refers to which therapeutic
strategy?
A. Reducing peak airway pressures by allowing some increase in
PaCO2
B. Controlling PaCO2 level at 45 -50 mm/Hg
C. Enhancing gas exchange by allowing some increase in PaCO2
D. Controlling PaCO2 level by allowing hypercapnia. Answer: A.
Reducing peak airway pressures by allowing some increase in
PaCO2
◉ Which statement correctly describes the primary purpose of
CLRT?
, A. It prevents pneumonia
B. It saves manual turning time
C. It prevents decubitus ulcers
D. It prevents reduced stasis of fluid and gas. Answer: D. It prevents
reduced stasis of fluid and gas
◉ A patient who was severely injured in a motor vehicle crash 7
days ago has developed ARDS. The nurse has explained the concept
of nonhydrostatic pulmonary edema to the patient's family. Which
statement by a family member would indicate understanding of this
concept?
A. "Her disease has injured the membranes in her lung so that fluid
is leaking into her lungs from the tiny blood vessels."
B. "The high blood pressure in the left side of her heart is forcing
fluid from her blood vessels into her lung tissues."
C. "Infection in her lungs has harmed the small blood vessels there,
causing blood to spill into the lung tissue."
D. "The small air sacs have been destroyed, which has allowed air to
enter into the blood vessels.". Answer: A. "Her disease has injured
the membranes in her lung so that fluid is leaking into her lungs
from the tiny blood vessels."
◉ A patient is admitted with the diagnosis of possible ARDS. A
bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid sample is collected from the
PACK KEY CLINICAL DECISION MAKING
DISEASE PROCESSES AND PATIENT
MANAGEMENT WITH SAMPLE QUESTIONS
◉ Which intervention should the nurse perform to reduce the ICP in
a patient with an acute TBI?
A Flatten the head of the bed
B. Maintain the head and neck in neutral alignment
C. Suction patient every hour
D. Slightly hypoventilate the patient. Answer: B. Maintain the head
and neck in neutral alignment
◉ What nursing intervention reduces secondary injury?
A. Maintaining CPP less than 60 mm/Hg
B. Vigerous suctioning of the patient
C. Spacing patient care activities
D. Keeping the patient flat at all times. Answer: C. Spacing patient
care activities
◉ What is the result of increased metabolic demand?
A. Decreased oxygen consumption
,B. Decreased carbon dioxide production
C. Increased oxygen consumption
D. Increased carbon dioxide production. Answer: C. Increased
oxygen consumption
◉ Which condition is the most common indirect predisposing
disorder of ARDS?
A. Gastric aspiration
B. Severe trauma
C. Sepsis
D. Pneumonia. Answer: C. Sepsis
◉ The pulmonary edema associated with ARDS is caused by which
condition?
A. Capillary microembolism
B. Left ventricular failure
C. Loss of surfactant
D. Injured alveolar-capillary membrane. Answer: D. Injured alveolar-
capillary membrane
◉ The pulmonary edema of ARDS differs from the pulmonary edema
of HF in which way?
A. In HF, PAWP is less than 18
,B. In HF, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid is protein rich
C. In ARDS, heart enlargement in typically noted
D. In ARDS, BAL fluid contains inflammatory cells. Answer: D. In
ARDS, BAL fluid contains inflammatory cells
◉ According to the ARDS consensus criteria, a diagnosis of ARDS
requires a P/F ratio of less than _____ mm/Hg
A. 175
B. 200
C, 225
D. 300. Answer: B. 200
◉ The term 'permissive hypercapnia' refers to which therapeutic
strategy?
A. Reducing peak airway pressures by allowing some increase in
PaCO2
B. Controlling PaCO2 level at 45 -50 mm/Hg
C. Enhancing gas exchange by allowing some increase in PaCO2
D. Controlling PaCO2 level by allowing hypercapnia. Answer: A.
Reducing peak airway pressures by allowing some increase in
PaCO2
◉ Which statement correctly describes the primary purpose of
CLRT?
, A. It prevents pneumonia
B. It saves manual turning time
C. It prevents decubitus ulcers
D. It prevents reduced stasis of fluid and gas. Answer: D. It prevents
reduced stasis of fluid and gas
◉ A patient who was severely injured in a motor vehicle crash 7
days ago has developed ARDS. The nurse has explained the concept
of nonhydrostatic pulmonary edema to the patient's family. Which
statement by a family member would indicate understanding of this
concept?
A. "Her disease has injured the membranes in her lung so that fluid
is leaking into her lungs from the tiny blood vessels."
B. "The high blood pressure in the left side of her heart is forcing
fluid from her blood vessels into her lung tissues."
C. "Infection in her lungs has harmed the small blood vessels there,
causing blood to spill into the lung tissue."
D. "The small air sacs have been destroyed, which has allowed air to
enter into the blood vessels.". Answer: A. "Her disease has injured
the membranes in her lung so that fluid is leaking into her lungs
from the tiny blood vessels."
◉ A patient is admitted with the diagnosis of possible ARDS. A
bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid sample is collected from the
