BIOD 152 LAB 4 EXAM: CIRCULATORY SYSTEM & BLOOD FLOW TRACINGS
COMPREHENSIVE ASSESSMENT
SECTION 1: BLOOD VESSEL CLASSIFICATION AND STRUCTURE
(Questions 1-35)
1. Arteries are classified as which type of blood vessel in the circulatory system?
A. Afferent vessels
B. Efferent vessels
C. Exchange vessels
D. Reservoir vessels
Answer: B. Efferent vessels
Rationale: Arteries are efferent vessels because they carry blood away from the heart to the
tissues. Veins are afferent vessels that return blood to the heart .
2. Which type of artery is characterized by being very large and typically exiting
directly from the heart?
A. Distributing arteries
B. Resistance arteries
C. Conducting arteries
D. Metarterioles
Answer: C. Conducting arteries
Rationale: Conducting arteries are the largest arteries that exit from the heart, including the
aorta and pulmonary trunk. They contain elastic tissue to withstand the surge of blood with
each heartbeat .
3. The ability of conducting arteries to stretch and recoil when the heart beats is due to
which tissue layer?
,A. Smooth muscle
B. Elastic tissue
C. Collagen fibers
D. Endothelial lining
Answer: B. Elastic tissue
Rationale: Conducting arteries possess a layer of elastic tissue that allows them to expand
when blood surges from the heart during contraction and recoil during relaxation. This
elasticity is essential for maintaining continuous blood flow .
4. Which condition results when arteries lose their elasticity due to plaque buildup?
A. Aneurysm
B. Atherosclerosis
C. Varicose veins
D. Embolism
Answer: B. Atherosclerosis
Rationale: Atherosclerosis is the stiffening of arteries caused by plaque accumulation. This
loss of elasticity leads to increased pressure in the vessels and can result in aneurysms .
5. A weak point in an artery that can pulsate and potentially rupture with each
heartbeat is called a(n):
A. Thrombus
B. Embolus
C. Aneurysm
D. Stenosis
Answer: C. Aneurysm
Rationale: An aneurysm is a weakened area in an artery wall that bulges and pulsates with
each heartbeat. It can progressively weaken and eventually rupture, potentially causing
death or stroke .
6. Distributing arteries are also known as:
A. Conducting arteries
B. Medium or muscular arteries
C. Small arteries
D. Elastic arteries
Answer: B. Medium or muscular arteries
Rationale: Distributing arteries are direct branches from conducting arteries and are
characterized by their thick muscular walls. They contain up to 40 layers of smooth
muscle .
,7. The muscular wall in a distributing artery makes up what percentage of the arterial
wall?
A. 50%
B. 65%
C. 75%
D. 85%
Answer: C. 75%
Rationale: Distributing arteries have a very thick muscular wall that comprises
approximately 75% of the arterial wall itself. This allows them to regulate blood flow to
specific body regions .
8. Which of the following is an example of a distributing artery?
A. Aorta
B. Pulmonary trunk
C. Brachial artery
D. Metarteriole
Answer: C. Brachial artery
Rationale: The brachial artery is a distributing artery that branches from the conducting
arteries to supply blood to the arm. The aorta and pulmonary trunk are conducting
arteries .
9. Resistance arteries are also classified as:
A. Conducting arteries
B. Muscular arteries
C. Small arteries
D. Elastic arteries
Answer: C. Small arteries
Rationale: Resistance arteries are numerous small arteries that are too numerous to name
individually. They play a key role in regulating blood pressure and flow .
10. Metarterioles function to:
A. Carry blood away from the heart
B. Link the arteriole system to the capillaries
C. Return blood to the heart
D. Store blood
Answer: B. Link the arteriole system to the capillaries
Rationale: Metarterioles are very short vessels that connect the arteriole system to the
capillary beds, serving as important regulators of capillary blood flow .
, 11. Which blood vessels are referred to as exchange vessels?
A. Arteries
B. Veins
C. Capillaries
D. Venules
Answer: C. Capillaries
Rationale: Capillaries are exchange vessels with thin walls that allow for the exchange of
oxygen, glucose, and nutrients between blood and tissues .
12. What percentage of blood is typically found in the venous system?
A. 11%
B. 20%
C. 54%
D. 75%
Answer: C. 54%
Rationale: Veins serve as blood reservoirs, containing approximately 54% of the total blood
volume, compared to only 11% found in arteries .
13. What percentage of blood is typically found in the arterial system?
A. 11%
B. 20%
C. 54%
D. 75%
Answer: A. 11%
Rationale: The arterial system contains approximately 11% of the total blood volume,
highlighting the venous system's role as the primary blood reservoir .
14. Veins are classified as which type of blood vessel?
A. Efferent vessels
B. Exchange vessels
C. Afferent vessels
D. Resistance vessels
Answer: C. Afferent vessels
Rationale: Veins are afferent vessels because they carry blood back toward the heart. They
typically carry deoxygenated blood, with the pulmonary veins being the exception .
15. Which vessel type has the capacity to hold the largest amount of blood and
stretches easier at rest than arteries?
A. Arteries
B. Capillaries
COMPREHENSIVE ASSESSMENT
SECTION 1: BLOOD VESSEL CLASSIFICATION AND STRUCTURE
(Questions 1-35)
1. Arteries are classified as which type of blood vessel in the circulatory system?
A. Afferent vessels
B. Efferent vessels
C. Exchange vessels
D. Reservoir vessels
Answer: B. Efferent vessels
Rationale: Arteries are efferent vessels because they carry blood away from the heart to the
tissues. Veins are afferent vessels that return blood to the heart .
2. Which type of artery is characterized by being very large and typically exiting
directly from the heart?
A. Distributing arteries
B. Resistance arteries
C. Conducting arteries
D. Metarterioles
Answer: C. Conducting arteries
Rationale: Conducting arteries are the largest arteries that exit from the heart, including the
aorta and pulmonary trunk. They contain elastic tissue to withstand the surge of blood with
each heartbeat .
3. The ability of conducting arteries to stretch and recoil when the heart beats is due to
which tissue layer?
,A. Smooth muscle
B. Elastic tissue
C. Collagen fibers
D. Endothelial lining
Answer: B. Elastic tissue
Rationale: Conducting arteries possess a layer of elastic tissue that allows them to expand
when blood surges from the heart during contraction and recoil during relaxation. This
elasticity is essential for maintaining continuous blood flow .
4. Which condition results when arteries lose their elasticity due to plaque buildup?
A. Aneurysm
B. Atherosclerosis
C. Varicose veins
D. Embolism
Answer: B. Atherosclerosis
Rationale: Atherosclerosis is the stiffening of arteries caused by plaque accumulation. This
loss of elasticity leads to increased pressure in the vessels and can result in aneurysms .
5. A weak point in an artery that can pulsate and potentially rupture with each
heartbeat is called a(n):
A. Thrombus
B. Embolus
C. Aneurysm
D. Stenosis
Answer: C. Aneurysm
Rationale: An aneurysm is a weakened area in an artery wall that bulges and pulsates with
each heartbeat. It can progressively weaken and eventually rupture, potentially causing
death or stroke .
6. Distributing arteries are also known as:
A. Conducting arteries
B. Medium or muscular arteries
C. Small arteries
D. Elastic arteries
Answer: B. Medium or muscular arteries
Rationale: Distributing arteries are direct branches from conducting arteries and are
characterized by their thick muscular walls. They contain up to 40 layers of smooth
muscle .
,7. The muscular wall in a distributing artery makes up what percentage of the arterial
wall?
A. 50%
B. 65%
C. 75%
D. 85%
Answer: C. 75%
Rationale: Distributing arteries have a very thick muscular wall that comprises
approximately 75% of the arterial wall itself. This allows them to regulate blood flow to
specific body regions .
8. Which of the following is an example of a distributing artery?
A. Aorta
B. Pulmonary trunk
C. Brachial artery
D. Metarteriole
Answer: C. Brachial artery
Rationale: The brachial artery is a distributing artery that branches from the conducting
arteries to supply blood to the arm. The aorta and pulmonary trunk are conducting
arteries .
9. Resistance arteries are also classified as:
A. Conducting arteries
B. Muscular arteries
C. Small arteries
D. Elastic arteries
Answer: C. Small arteries
Rationale: Resistance arteries are numerous small arteries that are too numerous to name
individually. They play a key role in regulating blood pressure and flow .
10. Metarterioles function to:
A. Carry blood away from the heart
B. Link the arteriole system to the capillaries
C. Return blood to the heart
D. Store blood
Answer: B. Link the arteriole system to the capillaries
Rationale: Metarterioles are very short vessels that connect the arteriole system to the
capillary beds, serving as important regulators of capillary blood flow .
, 11. Which blood vessels are referred to as exchange vessels?
A. Arteries
B. Veins
C. Capillaries
D. Venules
Answer: C. Capillaries
Rationale: Capillaries are exchange vessels with thin walls that allow for the exchange of
oxygen, glucose, and nutrients between blood and tissues .
12. What percentage of blood is typically found in the venous system?
A. 11%
B. 20%
C. 54%
D. 75%
Answer: C. 54%
Rationale: Veins serve as blood reservoirs, containing approximately 54% of the total blood
volume, compared to only 11% found in arteries .
13. What percentage of blood is typically found in the arterial system?
A. 11%
B. 20%
C. 54%
D. 75%
Answer: A. 11%
Rationale: The arterial system contains approximately 11% of the total blood volume,
highlighting the venous system's role as the primary blood reservoir .
14. Veins are classified as which type of blood vessel?
A. Efferent vessels
B. Exchange vessels
C. Afferent vessels
D. Resistance vessels
Answer: C. Afferent vessels
Rationale: Veins are afferent vessels because they carry blood back toward the heart. They
typically carry deoxygenated blood, with the pulmonary veins being the exception .
15. Which vessel type has the capacity to hold the largest amount of blood and
stretches easier at rest than arteries?
A. Arteries
B. Capillaries
