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NURS 621: Adult/Gero. 1 - Exam 4 Study Guide on Family Planning & Gynecology Concepts Questions And Correct Detailed Answers (Verified Answers

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NURS 621: Adult/Gero. 1 - Exam 4 Study Guide on Family Planning & Gynecology Concepts Questions And Correct Detailed Answers (Verified Answers

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NURS 621: Adult/Gero. 1 Spring 2021
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Exam 4 Study Guide Family Planning • Gynecology
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FAMILY PLANNING vi




CONTRACEPTIVE ISSUES vi


 Half of yearly pregnancies are unintended; half of those pregnancies end in abortion
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 No contraceptive method is 100% effective Ini
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tial Patient Evaluation
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 Medical history (any RFs for pregnancy or previous/current contraception)
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o HTN, BM, obesity vi vi


 OB/GYN history
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o Risk for STI; hx of BC methods vi vi vi vi vi vi


o Sexual dysfunction/concerns vi


o Health promotion/safe sex practices vi vi vi


o Menstrual cycle, Previous pap tests vi vi vi vi


 Physical Exam
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o Pap smear vi


o Wet mount (if any irregular discharge) vi vi vi vi vi


o GC/Chlamydia test, HIV, Syphilis vi vi vi


o Cigarette, Alcohol, Drug use/abuse vi vi vi




CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS vi


 No protection/ Chance: failure rate 85%
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 Coitus Interruptus: failure rate 27%; advantages (no artificial barriers, chemicals or devices)  Fertility Aw
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areness Method: failure rate 25%; periodic abstinence, basal body temperature/cervical mucus changes
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BARRIER METHODS—condoms, foams, suppositories, sponge, films, gels, diaphragm
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 Failure rate 20%
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 Protect against pregnancy and STIs
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 Available OTC
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 May cause allergic reaction and can be messy
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 **Nonoxyl-9 (spermicide) may increase transmission of STIs including HIV**
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SPERMICIDES—foams, gels, sponge, films, suppositories vi vi vi vi


 Failure rate 20-50%
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 Must be inserted correctly
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 No more than one hour before intercourse
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 Additional application if one hour has passed since insertion
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 One application per one act of intercourse
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 Leave in place for 6 hours
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CONDOMS
 #1 barrier against STIs/HIV
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 Use water-based lubricants (oil-based will break down latex)
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DIAPHRAGM
 Use with spermicide cream/jelly
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 Must be fitted for correct size refit after significant weight change +/- 10 lbs and after childbirth
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 Insert up to 6 hours before and leave in 6 hours after intercourse for effectiveness
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HORMONAL METHODS—BC pills, patch, injections, implants, IUD, ring
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Do NOT protect from STIs or HIV
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Failure rate 1-5% (when used correctlDyo)wnloaded by Wambo Jeni ()
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, Oral Contraceptive Pills (OCPs)
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 Combination Pill—Estrogen/Progestin
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o 28 pill pack—3 weeks active; 1 week sugar pill vi vi vi vi vi vi vi vi


o Relatively inexpensive; covered by many insurances 100% vi vi vi vi vi vi


o Can be stopped at any point vi vi vi vi vi


o Regular cycle, help with acne vi vi vi vi


o Ovcon, Ortho Tri-Cyclen vi vi


 3-Month Oral Pill vi vi vi


o Combination estrogen/progestin vi


o 11 weeks active pill; 1 week sugar pill vi vi vi vi vi vi vi


o Cycle every 3 months vi vi vi


o Good for women with dysmenorrhea or menorrhagia vi vi vi vi vi vi


o Increased risk breakthrough bleeding vi vi vi



Action Benefits Side Effects
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● Inhibits ovulation vi ● Prevent pregnancy vi CVA, MI, thromboembolic
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● Thins endometrium vi ● ↓mens flow, vi events N/V, HA, dizziness,
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● Thickens cervical cramps, PMS sx; v i vi edema
mucus ●MUST take at vi vi vi improve acne vi ↑ appetite, fatigue,
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the same time each v i v i ● Protect against depression, oily skin, yeastv i vi vi


day endo/OV CA, OV cysts, v i vi vi infection, break through
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ectopic preg. ●Protect v i v i bleeding/spotting
against PID vi Decrease action of Abx.vi vi vi


● Safe >35 if non-
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smoker ●Menst. vi


Cycle controlvi




Missed Pill Scheduling vi vi


 1 pill: take as soon as rem
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ember; may take 2 in one day vi vi vi vi vi vi

 2+ pills: take most recent
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missed pill ASAP; no more tha vi vi vi vi vi

n 2 pills in one day; continue r
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est of pack as usual
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 Backup contraception until 7 day
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s of no missed pills
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Must take pill daily for 99% Injectab
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le Progestin—
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Depo Provera effectiveness vi vi


 Depo Provera 150mg IM every 12 weeks  Deltoid or gluteus maximus
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 Disadvantages: prolonged bleeding or amenorrhea, weight gain, hair loss, in
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creased calcium loss vi vi


 No protection form STIs
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Implantable Progestin—Nexplanon vi

 Upper arm
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 Remove after 3 years
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 Contraindications: pregnancy, DVTs, liver disease, breast CA, unexplained bleeding Proge
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stin only (mini) Pill
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Use if estrogen is contraindicated U
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se if breastfeeding
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SE: irregular vaginal bleeding, poor cycle control
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DownloadedvibyviWamboviJenivi()

, RULE OUT PREGNANCY BE
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FORE STARTING ANY HOR
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MONE BIRTH CONTROL M
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ETHOD!!!




 SE: irregular bleeding, mood swings, weight gain, acne, depression, headache, breast pain
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EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTION—Preven or Plan B vi vi vi vi




 OTC; Rx required for women younger than 17
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 Give within 72 hours of unprotected intercourse; most effective within 24 hours
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 75-95% effective
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 One dose
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 SE: N/V, HA, bleeding
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 No adverse effects to pregnancy if it fails
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IUD
 Implanted in uterus, damages sperm in transit, prevents implantation
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 Paraguard Copper T380A—10 years—non-hormonal
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 Mirena (levonorgestrel)—5 years—progesterone
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 Contraindications: hx of PID, risk of STIs, pregnancy, undiagnosed bleeding
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 Best for woman who has had at least one full-
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term pregnancy in a stable, monogamous relationship
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STERILIZATION
 Male: vasectomy
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o Not sterile until two sperm-free ejaculations vi vi vi vi vi


o Complications: hematoma, sperm granuloma, spontaneous reanastomosis
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 Female: tubal ligation
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o Complications: hemorrhage, puncture, cautery of
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bowel i




PATIENT EDUCATION vi


 ALWAYS use condom to prevent STIs; no other forms of contraceptio
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n will prevent STIs
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 Nothing is 100% effective
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 All methods must be used appropriately to be effective
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 Most effective have shown to be IUD and Nexplanon
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implant Downloaded by Wambo Jeni () vi vi vi vi

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