PNH301 TEST 2 WITH QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS | 100% VERIFIED | NEWEST 2026/2027 UPDATE | GRADED A+ | ASSURED PASS.

PNH301 TEST 2 WITH QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS | 100% VERIFIED | NEWEST 2026/2027 UPDATE | GRADED A+ | ASSURED PASS. What is high blood pressure? - ANSWER 140/90 mmHg Primary HTN - ANSWER elevated BP in the absence of underlying disease Secondary HTN - ANSWER high BP due to underlying pathophysiology (disease/disorder) Diseases/Disorders that Contribute to HTN - ANSWER - kidney disease - endocrine disorders - pregnancy - medications (steroids, contraceptives) - neurological disorders - congenital aortic disorders (coarctation or narrowing) Diagnosing Hypertension (identifying if there's an underlying cause) - ANSWER - urinalysis - blood chemistry (K+, Na, blood urea, and creatinine) - fasting blood glucose - fasting total cholesterol - 12 lead EKG Complications of HTN - ANSWER - coronary artery disease - left ventricular hypertrophy - heart failure - cerebrovascular disease - peripheral arterial disease - nephrosclerosis - retinal damage - arterial vessels of lower extremities Prevalence of HTN in specific groups - ANSWER - prevalence increases with age - women with high BP have a greater risk for cardiovascular disease - Indigenous people have a higher incidence of cardiovascular disease than non indigenous people in Canada - more prevalent in older women than in older men - Age- Related Considerations (HTN) - ANSWER - loss of tissue elasticity - increased collagen content and stiffness of the myocardium - increased peripheral vascular resistance - decreased B-adrenergic receptor sensitivity - blunting of baroreceptor reflexes - decreased kidney function - decreased renin response to sodium and water depletion Lifestyle Modifications (HTN) - ANSWER - nutrition - weight reduction - modification in alcohol consumption - physical activity - avoidance of tobacco products - stress management What is a hypertensive crisis? - ANSWER - severe abrupt increases in DBP (defined as 120-130 mmHg) - rate of increase in BP is more important than the absolute value - often occurs in patients with a hisotry of HTN who have failed to adhere to their medication regimen or who have been under medicated (180/120) Hypertensive Crisis: Clinical Manifestations - ANSWER - encephaopathy, cerebral hemorrhage - acute renal failure - MI - acute left ventricular failure with pulmonary edema - dissecting aortic aneurysm Secondary Symptom's of HTN - ANSWER - fatigue - decreased activity tolerance - palpitations - angina - dyspnea Goals of HTN Management - ANSWER - achieve and maintain target BP - understand and implement therapeutic plan - menial or no unpleasant adverse effects - confidence of ability to manage and cope with condition Which factor is considered a non modifiable risk factor for the development of hypertension? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. A. Age 65 years B. Excessive dietary sodium C. African descent D. Excessive alcohol consumption E. A family history of hypertension - ANSWER A. Age 65 years C. African descent E. A family history of hypertension Which response by the nurse is best when a patient who has been diagnosed with primary hypertension asks the nurse what caused this condition? A. "There is no one identifiable reason" B. "Kidney disease is the most common reason" C. "It is caused by a decrease in plasma renin levels" D. "There is too much plaque in the blood vessels" - ANSWER A. "There is no one identifiable reason" What is acute coronary syndrome? - ANSWER Associated with deterioration of an atherosclerotic plaque that was once stable Plaque ruptures, exposing the intima to blood and stimulating platelet aggregation and local vasoconstriction with thrombus formation The nurse providing dietary instructions to a patient with hypertension would advise cutting down on the intake of which foods? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. A. Canned vegetables B. Red meat C. Baked chicken D. Canned fruit E. Processed cheeses - ANSWER A. Canned vegetables B. Red meat E. Processed cheeses MI Diagnostics - ANSWER - ECG - may see ST elevation (need to see if two leads or more) could see T wave inversion, or ST depression - serum cardiac markers (troponin, creatine kinase, myoglobin) - coronary angiography Complications of MI - ANSWER - dysrhythmias - heart failure - cardiogenic shock - pericarditis - ventricular aneurysm Who is a CABG recommended for? (4) - ANSWER Patients that: 1) who do not achieve satisfactory improvement with medical management 2) who have left main coronary artery of three-vessel disease 3) who are not candidates for PCI (e.g., lesions are long or difficult to access) 4) in whom PCI has failed and chest pain is ongoign what is PCI? - ANSWER Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) aka heart cath or balloon angioplasty, uses local anesthesia and has a faster recovery than CABG. This procedure is when a cath equipped with an inflatable balloon tip is inserted into the appropriate coronary artery. When the blockage is located, the balloon is inflated, and the plaque is compressed, resulting in vasodilation. UH or LMWH is given in conjunction with PCI to maintain the open vessel. Intracoronary stents are often inserted in conjunction with PCI. What are the three types of acute coronary syndrome? - ANSWER - unstable angina - unstable lesion may be partially occuluded by a thrombus (NSTEMI) - unstable lesion that may be totally occluded (STEMI) What is a myocardial farction? - ANSWER - heart attack - happens when a part of the heart muscle doesn't get enough blood - papillary muscle dysfunction Medication Therapy MI - ANSWER - IV nitroglycerin - morphine - B - adrenergic blockers - ACE inhibitors - Antidysrhythmic medications - Cholesterol-lowering medications - stool softeners - low molecular weight heparin - dalteparin - enoxaparin Thank you for Purchasing this exam Study Guide. We provide high-quality academic materials to help students excel in exams. 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