NURS 6501 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
EXAM COMPREHENSIVE EXAM 2026 FULL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
ALREADY PASSED
◉ Tricuspid Valve Regurgitation.
Answer: Backward flow of blood from right ventricle to atrium.
◉ Bradycardia.
Answer: Heart rate under 60 bpm, can indicate pathology.
◉ Blocked Pathway at AV Node.
Answer: Interruption in electrical conduction below atrioventricular
node.
◉ Blocked Pathway at SA Node.
Answer: Interruption in electrical conduction at sinoatrial node.
◉ Reentry Pathway.
Answer: Electrical impulse reenters a previous conduction pathway.
,◉ Paravalvular Leak.
Answer: Leakage around a prosthetic heart valve.
◉ Aortic Stenosis.
Answer: Narrowing of the aortic valve, obstructs blood flow.
◉ Aortic Regurgitation.
Answer: Inadequate closure of aortic valve, causing backflow.
◉ Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL).
Answer: Cancer of lymphoid cells, common in children.
◉ Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL).
Answer: Slow-growing leukemia of mature lymphocytes.
◉ Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML).
Answer: Cancer of myeloid cells, rapid progression.
◉ Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML).
Answer: Slow-growing cancer of myeloid cells, often with
Philadelphia chromosome.
,◉ Hypochromic Microcytic Anemia.
Answer: Anemia with small, pale red blood cells.
◉ Hemoglobin Electrophoresis.
Answer: Test to separate different types of hemoglobin.
◉ Maxillofacial Deformities.
Answer: Abnormalities in facial structure, often due to anemia.
◉ Beta thalassemia.
Answer: Genetic disorder causing reduced hemoglobin production.
◉ Gastrointestinal blood loss.
Answer: Loss of blood from the digestive tract.
◉ Pernicious anemia.
Answer: Vitamin B12 deficiency due to intrinsic factor absence.
◉ Chronic renal failure.
Answer: Progressive loss of kidney function over time.
◉ Macronodular cirrhosis.
, Answer: Severe liver scarring affecting liver function.
◉ Vitamin B12 deficiency.
Answer: Insufficient B12 leading to anemia and neurological issues.
◉ Vitamin C deficiency.
Answer: Lack of vitamin C causing scurvy and bleeding.
◉ Von Willebrand disease.
Answer: Genetic disorder affecting blood clotting ability.
◉ Allogeneic bone marrow transplant.
Answer: Transplant from a genetically different donor.
◉ Excessive bleeding.
Answer: Uncontrolled blood loss from minor injuries.
◉ Low dose aspirin.
Answer: Medication reducing platelet aggregation to prevent clots.
◉ Ejection fraction.
Answer: Percentage of blood pumped from the heart per beat.
EXAM COMPREHENSIVE EXAM 2026 FULL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
ALREADY PASSED
◉ Tricuspid Valve Regurgitation.
Answer: Backward flow of blood from right ventricle to atrium.
◉ Bradycardia.
Answer: Heart rate under 60 bpm, can indicate pathology.
◉ Blocked Pathway at AV Node.
Answer: Interruption in electrical conduction below atrioventricular
node.
◉ Blocked Pathway at SA Node.
Answer: Interruption in electrical conduction at sinoatrial node.
◉ Reentry Pathway.
Answer: Electrical impulse reenters a previous conduction pathway.
,◉ Paravalvular Leak.
Answer: Leakage around a prosthetic heart valve.
◉ Aortic Stenosis.
Answer: Narrowing of the aortic valve, obstructs blood flow.
◉ Aortic Regurgitation.
Answer: Inadequate closure of aortic valve, causing backflow.
◉ Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL).
Answer: Cancer of lymphoid cells, common in children.
◉ Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL).
Answer: Slow-growing leukemia of mature lymphocytes.
◉ Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML).
Answer: Cancer of myeloid cells, rapid progression.
◉ Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML).
Answer: Slow-growing cancer of myeloid cells, often with
Philadelphia chromosome.
,◉ Hypochromic Microcytic Anemia.
Answer: Anemia with small, pale red blood cells.
◉ Hemoglobin Electrophoresis.
Answer: Test to separate different types of hemoglobin.
◉ Maxillofacial Deformities.
Answer: Abnormalities in facial structure, often due to anemia.
◉ Beta thalassemia.
Answer: Genetic disorder causing reduced hemoglobin production.
◉ Gastrointestinal blood loss.
Answer: Loss of blood from the digestive tract.
◉ Pernicious anemia.
Answer: Vitamin B12 deficiency due to intrinsic factor absence.
◉ Chronic renal failure.
Answer: Progressive loss of kidney function over time.
◉ Macronodular cirrhosis.
, Answer: Severe liver scarring affecting liver function.
◉ Vitamin B12 deficiency.
Answer: Insufficient B12 leading to anemia and neurological issues.
◉ Vitamin C deficiency.
Answer: Lack of vitamin C causing scurvy and bleeding.
◉ Von Willebrand disease.
Answer: Genetic disorder affecting blood clotting ability.
◉ Allogeneic bone marrow transplant.
Answer: Transplant from a genetically different donor.
◉ Excessive bleeding.
Answer: Uncontrolled blood loss from minor injuries.
◉ Low dose aspirin.
Answer: Medication reducing platelet aggregation to prevent clots.
◉ Ejection fraction.
Answer: Percentage of blood pumped from the heart per beat.
