RN NCLEX COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW
FUNDAMENTALS FINAL TEST 2026
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
GRADED A+
◍ What lab findings may be present with a fluid volume deficit?.
Answer: Increased BUNIncreased or normal creatinineIncreased
H/HIncreased urine specific gravity
◍ What are the five rights of delegation?.
Answer: 1. right task2. right circumstance3. right person4. right
direction/communication5. right supervision
◍ What is civil law concerned with?.
Answer: Protection of the patients private rights
◍ What is required for informed consent to be valid?.
Answer: the patient giving consent must be competent and of legal age. The
consent is given voluntarily. The patient giving consent understands the
procedure, risks/benefits, and alternative procedures. The patient has the
right to have all questions answered satisfactorily. It is the duty of the HCP
performing the procedure or treatment to obtain informed consent and to
answer any questions the patient might have about the procedure. The RN is
witnessing the signature not providing informed consent.
◍ What are the normal ranges for ABGs? (pH, pCO2, HCO3).
Answer: pH (AC) 7.35-7.45 (AL)pCo2 (AL) 35 - 45 (AC)HCO3 (AC) 22 -
26 (AL)
◍ What is Hypernatremia? What symptoms might you see? How should you
treat it?.
, Answer: Na+ greater than 145 mEq/LMay see:Pulmonary edemaNeuro:
seizures, thirst, fever.Do Not Use Ivs that contain sodiumRestrict sodium
dietWeigh daily
◍ When should you draw a peak level?.
Answer: 30-60 minutes after medication administration
◍ Where is insulin produced?.
Answer: beta cells of pancreas
◍ What is a durable power of attorney for healthcare?.
Answer: The person appoints a representative (healthcare proxy) to make
healthcare decisions in a document
◍ Define fluid volume excess: Hypervolemia.
Answer: too much fluid in the vascular space (first).Vascular equals the
vessels --> veins, arteries, capillaries, heart chambers, etc.
◍ How do you treat fluid volume deficits?.
Answer: Strict I&OReplace with isotonic fluidsmonitor Bpweight daily
◍ What is nursing negligence.
Answer: Negligence is malpractice that is NOT intentional. It is the failure
to exercise the proper degree of care required by the circumstances that a
reasonably prudent person would exercise under the circumstances to avoid
harming others. It is a careless act of omission or commission that results in
injury to another.
◍ What is Hyperkalemia, what might you see with the patient and how do you
treat it?.
Answer: Hyperkalemia is a K+ level greater than 5 mEq/LYou may see tall,
tented T waves, bradycardia, muscle weakness.Treatment may include:-
10%-20% glucose with regular insulin- Kayexalate- renal dialysis may be
required
◍ What have NSAIDs (except aspirin) been linked to and what type of patient
should not take NSAIDs?.
, Answer: NSAIDs (except aspirin) have been linked to a higher risk for
increased cardiovascular events, such as myocardial infarction, stroke, and
heart failure. Patients who have just had heart surgery should not take
NSAIDs. NSAIDs are very hard on the stomach. NO NSAIDs for Cardiac
patient.
◍ How often is nitroglycerine administered and when should you not give it?.
Answer: up to 3 times (every 5 minutes) do not give when BO is less than
90/60
◍ What is Hyponatremia? Symptoms? and How should you treat it.
Answer: Hyponatremia is a sodium (Na+) level less than 135 mEq/L, it
creates Neuro/confusion and muscle cramps. Check blood pressure often,
restrict fluids, and be cautious with IV fluid replacement.
◍ What is the medication used for anaphylactic shock.
Answer: Epinephrine
◍ What are some HIV Medications.
Answer: Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs)-zidovudine
(AZT, ZDV, Retrovir)-lamivudine-abacavir-emtricitabineNucleotide reverse
transcriptase inhibitor (NtRTI)- Tenofovir DF (Viread)
◍ What are the normal ranges for H&H? What are the nursing implications.
Answer: Hemoglobin - Male 14-18 Female 12-16 Newborn 14-24High
altitude living increases value, slight decrease during pregnancy. Drug
therapy can alter values. Hematocrit - Male 42-52 Female 37-47 Newborn
44-64Prolonged stasis from vasoconstriction secondary to the tourniquet can
alter values. Abnormalities in RBC size may alter Hct values
◍ Angiotensin II in the lungs is a potent?.
Answer: vasodialator
◍ What data does the ATI Comprehensive Predictor generate?.
Answer: It generates Individual Total Score (% Correct), Predicted
Probability to Pass NCLEX-RN(R), National and Program Means, Topics to
Review, and Individual Scores (% Correct) within various outcomes.
FUNDAMENTALS FINAL TEST 2026
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
GRADED A+
◍ What lab findings may be present with a fluid volume deficit?.
Answer: Increased BUNIncreased or normal creatinineIncreased
H/HIncreased urine specific gravity
◍ What are the five rights of delegation?.
Answer: 1. right task2. right circumstance3. right person4. right
direction/communication5. right supervision
◍ What is civil law concerned with?.
Answer: Protection of the patients private rights
◍ What is required for informed consent to be valid?.
Answer: the patient giving consent must be competent and of legal age. The
consent is given voluntarily. The patient giving consent understands the
procedure, risks/benefits, and alternative procedures. The patient has the
right to have all questions answered satisfactorily. It is the duty of the HCP
performing the procedure or treatment to obtain informed consent and to
answer any questions the patient might have about the procedure. The RN is
witnessing the signature not providing informed consent.
◍ What are the normal ranges for ABGs? (pH, pCO2, HCO3).
Answer: pH (AC) 7.35-7.45 (AL)pCo2 (AL) 35 - 45 (AC)HCO3 (AC) 22 -
26 (AL)
◍ What is Hypernatremia? What symptoms might you see? How should you
treat it?.
, Answer: Na+ greater than 145 mEq/LMay see:Pulmonary edemaNeuro:
seizures, thirst, fever.Do Not Use Ivs that contain sodiumRestrict sodium
dietWeigh daily
◍ When should you draw a peak level?.
Answer: 30-60 minutes after medication administration
◍ Where is insulin produced?.
Answer: beta cells of pancreas
◍ What is a durable power of attorney for healthcare?.
Answer: The person appoints a representative (healthcare proxy) to make
healthcare decisions in a document
◍ Define fluid volume excess: Hypervolemia.
Answer: too much fluid in the vascular space (first).Vascular equals the
vessels --> veins, arteries, capillaries, heart chambers, etc.
◍ How do you treat fluid volume deficits?.
Answer: Strict I&OReplace with isotonic fluidsmonitor Bpweight daily
◍ What is nursing negligence.
Answer: Negligence is malpractice that is NOT intentional. It is the failure
to exercise the proper degree of care required by the circumstances that a
reasonably prudent person would exercise under the circumstances to avoid
harming others. It is a careless act of omission or commission that results in
injury to another.
◍ What is Hyperkalemia, what might you see with the patient and how do you
treat it?.
Answer: Hyperkalemia is a K+ level greater than 5 mEq/LYou may see tall,
tented T waves, bradycardia, muscle weakness.Treatment may include:-
10%-20% glucose with regular insulin- Kayexalate- renal dialysis may be
required
◍ What have NSAIDs (except aspirin) been linked to and what type of patient
should not take NSAIDs?.
, Answer: NSAIDs (except aspirin) have been linked to a higher risk for
increased cardiovascular events, such as myocardial infarction, stroke, and
heart failure. Patients who have just had heart surgery should not take
NSAIDs. NSAIDs are very hard on the stomach. NO NSAIDs for Cardiac
patient.
◍ How often is nitroglycerine administered and when should you not give it?.
Answer: up to 3 times (every 5 minutes) do not give when BO is less than
90/60
◍ What is Hyponatremia? Symptoms? and How should you treat it.
Answer: Hyponatremia is a sodium (Na+) level less than 135 mEq/L, it
creates Neuro/confusion and muscle cramps. Check blood pressure often,
restrict fluids, and be cautious with IV fluid replacement.
◍ What is the medication used for anaphylactic shock.
Answer: Epinephrine
◍ What are some HIV Medications.
Answer: Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs)-zidovudine
(AZT, ZDV, Retrovir)-lamivudine-abacavir-emtricitabineNucleotide reverse
transcriptase inhibitor (NtRTI)- Tenofovir DF (Viread)
◍ What are the normal ranges for H&H? What are the nursing implications.
Answer: Hemoglobin - Male 14-18 Female 12-16 Newborn 14-24High
altitude living increases value, slight decrease during pregnancy. Drug
therapy can alter values. Hematocrit - Male 42-52 Female 37-47 Newborn
44-64Prolonged stasis from vasoconstriction secondary to the tourniquet can
alter values. Abnormalities in RBC size may alter Hct values
◍ Angiotensin II in the lungs is a potent?.
Answer: vasodialator
◍ What data does the ATI Comprehensive Predictor generate?.
Answer: It generates Individual Total Score (% Correct), Predicted
Probability to Pass NCLEX-RN(R), National and Program Means, Topics to
Review, and Individual Scores (% Correct) within various outcomes.
