NURS 611 EXAM 1 350 CERTIFICATION
EVALUATION COMPLETE QUESTIONS WITH
VERIFIED SOLUTIONS
◉ What is physiologic atrophy.
Answer: occurs in early development. ex: thymus glad during
childhood
◉ What is pathologic atrophy.
Answer: occurs as a result of decreases in workload, use, pressure,
blood supply, nutrition, and hormonal stimulation.
Ex: Shrinking of gonads in an adolescent pt in response to decreased
hormonal stimulation. and an pt immobilized in bed for a prolonged
time
◉ what is hypertrophy?.
Answer: increase in cell size
◉ Example of beneficial physiologic hypertrophy?.
Answer: hypertrophy of myocardial cells from endurance training
◉ example of pathologic hypertrophy.
,Answer: cardiomegaly in a hypertensive patient
◉ What is hyperplasia?.
Answer: increase in the number of cells
◉ example of compensatory hyperplasia?.
Answer: regeneration of the liver
◉ example of pathological hyperplasia.
Answer: endometrial tissue
◉ example of hormonal hyperplasia.
Answer: enlargement of the uterus during pregnancy
◉ What is metaplasia?.
Answer: replacement of the cells
◉ example of metaplasia.
Answer: normal columnar ciliated epithelial cells of the bronchial
lining being replaced by squamous cells. can be reversed if irritant
stopped
, ◉ cellular metabolism- what molecule gives us energy?.
Answer: ATP functions as the energy-transferring molecule
◉ During ischemia, what effect does the loss of ATP have on the
cells?.
Answer: a reduction of ATP levels (ATP needs oxygen) that causes
the Na+/K+ pump and Na+/Ca exchange to fail, leading to
intracellular accumulation of Sodium and calcium and diffusion of
K+ out of the cell . Sodium and water can enter cell freely causing
cellular swelling
◉ What is a free radical?.
Answer: A molecule that is unstable and highly reactive because it
contains unpaired electrons. To stabilize, it gives up or takes a
electron making it capable of injurious chemical bond formations
with proteins, lipids, or carbs
◉ what plays a major role in the initiation and progression of
disease?.
Answer: free radicals
◉ what are the 5 major diseases that are affected by reactive oxygen
species and are known to play a role in initiation and progression?.
Answer: hyperlipidemia, diabetes m., hypertension, CHF, and
ischemic heart disease
EVALUATION COMPLETE QUESTIONS WITH
VERIFIED SOLUTIONS
◉ What is physiologic atrophy.
Answer: occurs in early development. ex: thymus glad during
childhood
◉ What is pathologic atrophy.
Answer: occurs as a result of decreases in workload, use, pressure,
blood supply, nutrition, and hormonal stimulation.
Ex: Shrinking of gonads in an adolescent pt in response to decreased
hormonal stimulation. and an pt immobilized in bed for a prolonged
time
◉ what is hypertrophy?.
Answer: increase in cell size
◉ Example of beneficial physiologic hypertrophy?.
Answer: hypertrophy of myocardial cells from endurance training
◉ example of pathologic hypertrophy.
,Answer: cardiomegaly in a hypertensive patient
◉ What is hyperplasia?.
Answer: increase in the number of cells
◉ example of compensatory hyperplasia?.
Answer: regeneration of the liver
◉ example of pathological hyperplasia.
Answer: endometrial tissue
◉ example of hormonal hyperplasia.
Answer: enlargement of the uterus during pregnancy
◉ What is metaplasia?.
Answer: replacement of the cells
◉ example of metaplasia.
Answer: normal columnar ciliated epithelial cells of the bronchial
lining being replaced by squamous cells. can be reversed if irritant
stopped
, ◉ cellular metabolism- what molecule gives us energy?.
Answer: ATP functions as the energy-transferring molecule
◉ During ischemia, what effect does the loss of ATP have on the
cells?.
Answer: a reduction of ATP levels (ATP needs oxygen) that causes
the Na+/K+ pump and Na+/Ca exchange to fail, leading to
intracellular accumulation of Sodium and calcium and diffusion of
K+ out of the cell . Sodium and water can enter cell freely causing
cellular swelling
◉ What is a free radical?.
Answer: A molecule that is unstable and highly reactive because it
contains unpaired electrons. To stabilize, it gives up or takes a
electron making it capable of injurious chemical bond formations
with proteins, lipids, or carbs
◉ what plays a major role in the initiation and progression of
disease?.
Answer: free radicals
◉ what are the 5 major diseases that are affected by reactive oxygen
species and are known to play a role in initiation and progression?.
Answer: hyperlipidemia, diabetes m., hypertension, CHF, and
ischemic heart disease
