BIO 141 EXAM 2 – NVCC 2026/2027 | STUDY GUIDE, PRACTICE
QUESTIONS, EXAM REVIEW & TEST PREP
Groups of similar cells and extra cellular products that carry out a common function are called
a. organs
b. organ systems
c. matrices
d. tissues - correct answer ✔✔tissues
which cell type, found in connective tissue proper, is formed from monocytes and serves to phagocytize
damaged cells or pathogens?
a. macrophage
b. plasma cell
c. mast cell
d. mesenchymal cell
e. adipocytes - correct answer ✔✔macrophage
Microscopic folds that extend from the apical surface of certain epithelia to increase the surface area for
absorption and secretion are called
a. cilia
b. microvilli
c. flagella
d. mucus
e. desmosomes - correct answer ✔✔microvilli
plasma is
a. a liquid ground substance containing dissolved proteins
b. a dissolved ground matrix and a lining of epithelial cells
c. a liquefied ground substance that includes several dissolved cells
d. platelets, red blood cells, and white blood cells
e. platelets and a watery ground substance - correct answer ✔✔a liquid ground substance containing
dissolved proteins
the most common type of cartilage, named for its glassy appearance, is
a. fibrocartilage
b. hyaline cartilage
c. elastic cartilage
d. reticular cartilage
e. areolar cartilage - correct answer ✔✔hyaline cartilage
fibronectin is an example of a(n)
,a. adherent glycoprotein
b. glycosaminoglycan
c. proteoglycan - correct answer ✔✔adherent glycoprotein
the nucleus and other organelles of a neuron are primarily housed in which part of the cell?
a. axon
b. dendrite
c. glial cell
d. cell body
e. none of the above - correct answer ✔✔cell body
the internal feature of bone that makes it simultaneously strong and lightweight is the
a. presence of cartilage
b. latticework structure of spongy bone
c. pattern of osteons
d. areolar connective tissue in the central cavity
e. arrangement of collagenous fibers - correct answer ✔✔latticework structure of spongy bone
the two types of cells that make up the nervous system are
a. macrophages and mast cells
b. neurons and chondrocytes
c. mast cells and fibrocytes
d. neurons and mast cells
e. neurons and glial cells - correct answer ✔✔neurons and glial cells
which feature is found in both cartilage and bone?
a. chondrocyte
b. osteocyte
c. perichondrium
d. central canal
e. lacuna - correct answer ✔✔lacuna
Epithelial tissues have an attached (basal) border and a free (apical) border. this arrangement is known
as
a. bilateral symmetry
b. distal orientation
c. polarity
d. proximal orientation
e. lateral flexibility - correct answer ✔✔polarity
Connective tissue proper is divided into two broad categories: loose connective tissue and dense
connective tissue. This classification is based upon the
,a. location of the tissue
b. size of the cells present
c. relative proportions of cells, fibers, and ground substance present
d. number of different cells types and their respective arrangement
e. origin of the tissue type - correct answer ✔✔relative proportions of cells, fibers, and ground
substance present
Which list is in correct developmental order?
a. zygote, blastocyst, embryo
b. blastocyst, embryo, zygote
c. zygote, embryo, blastocyst
d. blastocyst, zygote, embryo - correct answer ✔✔zygote, blastocyst, embryo
what type of muscle contains intercalated discs
a. skeletal
b. cardiac
c. smooth - correct answer ✔✔cardiac
the type of muscle that is found in blood vessel walls is ________________ muscle
a. skeletal
b. cardiac
c. smooth - correct answer ✔✔smooth
Which type of connective tissue is found in the papillary layer of the dermis and contains all of the cell
types of connective tissue proper
a. adipose
b. reticular
c. dense irregular
d. dense regular
e. areolar - correct answer ✔✔areolar
the type of membrane that prevents desiccation, provides lubrication, and traps bacteria and foreign
particles is
a. serous
b. cutaneous
c. mucous
d. cartilaginous
e. synovial - correct answer ✔✔mucous
which is avascular (lacks a blood vessel)
a. epithelial tissue
, b. muscle tissue
c. nervous tissue
d. connective tissue
e. all of the above - correct answer ✔✔epithelial tissue
all connective tissue is formed from which embryonic germ layer
a. endoderm
b. ectoderm
c. mucoderm
d. mesoderm
e. epiderm - correct answer ✔✔mesoderm
if you gently rub your thumb and forefinger together, each finger is contacting
a. simple squamous epithelium
b. keratinized simple squamous epithelium
c. keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
d. nonkeratinized simple squamous epithelium
e. nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium - correct answer ✔✔keratinized stratified squamous
epithelium
some bone interiors contain hemopoietic tissue, which functions in
a. storing fat
b. producing hormones
c. making connective tissue fibers
d. producing blood cells
e. breaking down toxins - correct answer ✔✔producing blood cells
where in the body would you find a glial cell?
a. in the stomach
b. in the cardiovascular system
c. in the immune system
d. in the nervous system
e. in the skeletal system - correct answer ✔✔in the nervous system
pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium is found lining
a. portions of the respiratory system
b. in the larger blood vessels
c. the oviduct
d. large kidney tubules
e. ducts of sweat glands - correct answer ✔✔portions of the respiratory system
Suppose you cut your finger only slightly in what is known as a "paper cut." You observe that the cut
hurts but it doesn't bleed. How would you interpret your observation?
QUESTIONS, EXAM REVIEW & TEST PREP
Groups of similar cells and extra cellular products that carry out a common function are called
a. organs
b. organ systems
c. matrices
d. tissues - correct answer ✔✔tissues
which cell type, found in connective tissue proper, is formed from monocytes and serves to phagocytize
damaged cells or pathogens?
a. macrophage
b. plasma cell
c. mast cell
d. mesenchymal cell
e. adipocytes - correct answer ✔✔macrophage
Microscopic folds that extend from the apical surface of certain epithelia to increase the surface area for
absorption and secretion are called
a. cilia
b. microvilli
c. flagella
d. mucus
e. desmosomes - correct answer ✔✔microvilli
plasma is
a. a liquid ground substance containing dissolved proteins
b. a dissolved ground matrix and a lining of epithelial cells
c. a liquefied ground substance that includes several dissolved cells
d. platelets, red blood cells, and white blood cells
e. platelets and a watery ground substance - correct answer ✔✔a liquid ground substance containing
dissolved proteins
the most common type of cartilage, named for its glassy appearance, is
a. fibrocartilage
b. hyaline cartilage
c. elastic cartilage
d. reticular cartilage
e. areolar cartilage - correct answer ✔✔hyaline cartilage
fibronectin is an example of a(n)
,a. adherent glycoprotein
b. glycosaminoglycan
c. proteoglycan - correct answer ✔✔adherent glycoprotein
the nucleus and other organelles of a neuron are primarily housed in which part of the cell?
a. axon
b. dendrite
c. glial cell
d. cell body
e. none of the above - correct answer ✔✔cell body
the internal feature of bone that makes it simultaneously strong and lightweight is the
a. presence of cartilage
b. latticework structure of spongy bone
c. pattern of osteons
d. areolar connective tissue in the central cavity
e. arrangement of collagenous fibers - correct answer ✔✔latticework structure of spongy bone
the two types of cells that make up the nervous system are
a. macrophages and mast cells
b. neurons and chondrocytes
c. mast cells and fibrocytes
d. neurons and mast cells
e. neurons and glial cells - correct answer ✔✔neurons and glial cells
which feature is found in both cartilage and bone?
a. chondrocyte
b. osteocyte
c. perichondrium
d. central canal
e. lacuna - correct answer ✔✔lacuna
Epithelial tissues have an attached (basal) border and a free (apical) border. this arrangement is known
as
a. bilateral symmetry
b. distal orientation
c. polarity
d. proximal orientation
e. lateral flexibility - correct answer ✔✔polarity
Connective tissue proper is divided into two broad categories: loose connective tissue and dense
connective tissue. This classification is based upon the
,a. location of the tissue
b. size of the cells present
c. relative proportions of cells, fibers, and ground substance present
d. number of different cells types and their respective arrangement
e. origin of the tissue type - correct answer ✔✔relative proportions of cells, fibers, and ground
substance present
Which list is in correct developmental order?
a. zygote, blastocyst, embryo
b. blastocyst, embryo, zygote
c. zygote, embryo, blastocyst
d. blastocyst, zygote, embryo - correct answer ✔✔zygote, blastocyst, embryo
what type of muscle contains intercalated discs
a. skeletal
b. cardiac
c. smooth - correct answer ✔✔cardiac
the type of muscle that is found in blood vessel walls is ________________ muscle
a. skeletal
b. cardiac
c. smooth - correct answer ✔✔smooth
Which type of connective tissue is found in the papillary layer of the dermis and contains all of the cell
types of connective tissue proper
a. adipose
b. reticular
c. dense irregular
d. dense regular
e. areolar - correct answer ✔✔areolar
the type of membrane that prevents desiccation, provides lubrication, and traps bacteria and foreign
particles is
a. serous
b. cutaneous
c. mucous
d. cartilaginous
e. synovial - correct answer ✔✔mucous
which is avascular (lacks a blood vessel)
a. epithelial tissue
, b. muscle tissue
c. nervous tissue
d. connective tissue
e. all of the above - correct answer ✔✔epithelial tissue
all connective tissue is formed from which embryonic germ layer
a. endoderm
b. ectoderm
c. mucoderm
d. mesoderm
e. epiderm - correct answer ✔✔mesoderm
if you gently rub your thumb and forefinger together, each finger is contacting
a. simple squamous epithelium
b. keratinized simple squamous epithelium
c. keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
d. nonkeratinized simple squamous epithelium
e. nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium - correct answer ✔✔keratinized stratified squamous
epithelium
some bone interiors contain hemopoietic tissue, which functions in
a. storing fat
b. producing hormones
c. making connective tissue fibers
d. producing blood cells
e. breaking down toxins - correct answer ✔✔producing blood cells
where in the body would you find a glial cell?
a. in the stomach
b. in the cardiovascular system
c. in the immune system
d. in the nervous system
e. in the skeletal system - correct answer ✔✔in the nervous system
pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium is found lining
a. portions of the respiratory system
b. in the larger blood vessels
c. the oviduct
d. large kidney tubules
e. ducts of sweat glands - correct answer ✔✔portions of the respiratory system
Suppose you cut your finger only slightly in what is known as a "paper cut." You observe that the cut
hurts but it doesn't bleed. How would you interpret your observation?
