NURS 102 FINAL EXAM 2026/2027 – STUDY GUIDE, PRACTICE QUESTIONS, EXAM
REVIEW & TEST PREP
The nurse reviews the electronic health record for client info & documents care in the nursing progress
notes. Client care implemented per standing orders.
Which action would the nurse take for a client whose right radial pulse is weak & thready? Select all that
apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. - correct answer ✔✔- Assess all peripheral pulses
- Assess & compare both radial pulses
- Ask a second nurse to assess the client's pulses
- Assess for edema or other issues that may be restricting peripheral blood flow
- Observe for pallor/ skin temperature differences distal to the weak pulse
A client who is positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is admitted to a surgical unit after an
orthopedic procedure. Select the 2 possible routes of HIV transmission? - correct answer ✔✔- Blood
- Semen
HIV: - correct answer ✔✔Is the virus that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is
transmitted through infected blood, semen, & bloody bodily fluids. HIV is not spread casually. Although
HIV may be found in other bodily secretions, including feces, urine, sweat, tears, saliva, sputum, &
emesis, the amount of virus is likely not sufficient enough to be transmitted.
Which finding would the nurse identify as normal for a newborn? (Select all that apply): - correct answer
✔✔- Baby's weight is 6lbs (2700g)
- Hands & feet appear cyanosed
- Head circumference of 33cm (13 inches)
Which intervention would the nurse perform while caring for an actively dying client? (Select all that
apply): - correct answer ✔✔- Ensure the nurse talks to & not about the client.
- Provide client & family reassurance.
- Try to set a comfortable environment in the room.
- Perform symptom management for the client.
- Encourage family to talk to the client.
When finding noted during assessment would lead the nurse to determine that a client is at an increased
risk for infection? (Select all that apply): - correct answer ✔✔- Surgical incision
- Urinary catheter
- Intravenous access
- Antibiotic therapy
After reviewing the nurses' notes & lab results, the nurse prepares to notify the physician.
Choose the most likely options for the info missing from the statements by selecting from the lists of
options provided.
,The nurse anticipates the physician order _________ to _________. Effectiveness of care is evidenced by
____________. - correct answer ✔✔an intermittent catheter
relieve urinary retention
postvoid bladder scan of 35 mL
(Case Study):
Click to highlight the findings that would require follow-up from the nurse:
Admitted Michelle, 64-year-old client from the Emergency Department who developed Clostridium
difficile (C. difficile or C. diff) after treatment with antibiotics for a severe infection. The client is
experiencing explosive foul-smelling diarrhea. Alert, oriented to person, place, & time. Skin warm with
tented skin turgor. Herat tones irregular with no murmurs. Lung sounds clear bilaterally to auscultation.
Abdomen with tenderness & hyperactive bowel sounds. Sates, "I'm so thirsty all the time." Urinating
small amounts of dark amber urine. States that has sore on ankle that won't heal. Vital signs: T 99.2
(degrees Fahrenheit), P 94 BPM, R 20 breaths per minute, BP 144/84 mmHg, & O2 Sat on room air 96%. -
correct answer ✔✔- Tented skin turgor
- "I'm so thirsty all the time."
- Urinating small amounts of dark amber urine.
- States that has sore on ankle that won't heal.
(Case Study- Michelle):
Indicate whether these findings from this client's assessment are generally associated with hypertension,
diabetes, or C. diff. - correct answer ✔✔Intake & Output results = C. diff
Foul-smelling diarrhea = C. diff
Has ankle sore that won't heal = Diabetes
Blood pressure reading = Hypertension
Hyperactive bowel sounds = C. diff
(Case Study - Michelle):
The client is at for experiencing _________ & _________. - correct answer ✔✔falls & dehydration
(Case Study - Michelle):
Which actions would the nurse include in the plan of care at this time? (Select all that apply): - correct
answer ✔✔- Continue with contact precautions
- Offer bland, low-residue foods
- Institute fall precautions
- Monitor for sepsis
- Notify the physician
HESI Urinary Patterns:
The client reports, prior to stroke, getting up five or six times to urinate nightly but controlled the urge
long enough to make it to the bathroom. How should the nurse describe the urinary pattern that the
client is describing? - correct answer ✔✔Nocturia
, Nocturia: - correct answer ✔✔Refers to voiding frequently at night. The incidence of nocturia increases
greatly in the older male client who has an enlarged prostate. It may also indicate an inability to
concentrate urine bc of poor blood flow to the kidneys.
Since the client now voids spontaneously without recognizing the need to void, how should the nurse
document the client's current urinary pattern in the med chart? - correct answer ✔✔Incontinence
*Incontinence is the involuntary loss of urine.
To help manage the client's incontinence, the nurse initiates a bladder training program. Which
instruction should the nurse provide to the unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) who will be helping care
for the client? - correct answer ✔✔Remind the client to void every 2 hours while awake & to call for
assistance to the bathroom.
*A toileting schedule is an effective means to retrain the bladder. Bladder training should start with
voiding every 2 hours in the daytime & every 4 hours at night & then be adapted to the individual needs.
The call bell should be near the client so that he can ring the bell for assistance to prevent the risk of
falling.
After several weeks, the bladder training program is unsuccessful in stopping the client's incontinence.
The client appears withdrawn & states that they are frustrated at the number of episodes that continue
to occur. Which interventions should the nurse include in the client's plan of care? (Select all that apply):
- correct answer ✔✔- Report signs of insomnia due to anxiety
- Discuss possible coping strategies
Following an episode of incontinence, the nurse washes the client's perineal area with mild soap and
water and applies a water-repellent ointment to the skin. The client's spouse is present and the nurse
uses this opportunity to educate them about proper skin care to prevent breakdown. Which statement
by the client's spouse indicates that teaching provided was effective? - correct answer ✔✔Wash the area
with mild soap & water followed by ointment.
*These water-repellent ointments help protect the skin from acidic effects of urine.
The nursing staff continues with bladder-training, but the client's incontinence shows a little
improvement. Since bladder training has not been successful, the nurse obtains a prescription to apply
an external male catheter. Which intervention is MOST important for the nurse to include in the client's
plan of care? - correct answer ✔✔Assess for signs of skin breakdown.
*Catheters can cause skin breakdown & lead to external infections. It is important to use good hand
hygiene, & replace catheter daily.
The client is admitted to the acute care facility for minor surgery. Preoperative prescriptions include the
insertion of an indwelling urinary catheter. A student nurse is assigned to care for the client. The nursing
instructor asks the student nurse to prepare to insert the indwelling catheter under supervision. What is
the first step in the proper placement of an indwelling urinary catheter for a male client? - correct
answer ✔✔Wash perineal area with soap & water
REVIEW & TEST PREP
The nurse reviews the electronic health record for client info & documents care in the nursing progress
notes. Client care implemented per standing orders.
Which action would the nurse take for a client whose right radial pulse is weak & thready? Select all that
apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. - correct answer ✔✔- Assess all peripheral pulses
- Assess & compare both radial pulses
- Ask a second nurse to assess the client's pulses
- Assess for edema or other issues that may be restricting peripheral blood flow
- Observe for pallor/ skin temperature differences distal to the weak pulse
A client who is positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is admitted to a surgical unit after an
orthopedic procedure. Select the 2 possible routes of HIV transmission? - correct answer ✔✔- Blood
- Semen
HIV: - correct answer ✔✔Is the virus that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is
transmitted through infected blood, semen, & bloody bodily fluids. HIV is not spread casually. Although
HIV may be found in other bodily secretions, including feces, urine, sweat, tears, saliva, sputum, &
emesis, the amount of virus is likely not sufficient enough to be transmitted.
Which finding would the nurse identify as normal for a newborn? (Select all that apply): - correct answer
✔✔- Baby's weight is 6lbs (2700g)
- Hands & feet appear cyanosed
- Head circumference of 33cm (13 inches)
Which intervention would the nurse perform while caring for an actively dying client? (Select all that
apply): - correct answer ✔✔- Ensure the nurse talks to & not about the client.
- Provide client & family reassurance.
- Try to set a comfortable environment in the room.
- Perform symptom management for the client.
- Encourage family to talk to the client.
When finding noted during assessment would lead the nurse to determine that a client is at an increased
risk for infection? (Select all that apply): - correct answer ✔✔- Surgical incision
- Urinary catheter
- Intravenous access
- Antibiotic therapy
After reviewing the nurses' notes & lab results, the nurse prepares to notify the physician.
Choose the most likely options for the info missing from the statements by selecting from the lists of
options provided.
,The nurse anticipates the physician order _________ to _________. Effectiveness of care is evidenced by
____________. - correct answer ✔✔an intermittent catheter
relieve urinary retention
postvoid bladder scan of 35 mL
(Case Study):
Click to highlight the findings that would require follow-up from the nurse:
Admitted Michelle, 64-year-old client from the Emergency Department who developed Clostridium
difficile (C. difficile or C. diff) after treatment with antibiotics for a severe infection. The client is
experiencing explosive foul-smelling diarrhea. Alert, oriented to person, place, & time. Skin warm with
tented skin turgor. Herat tones irregular with no murmurs. Lung sounds clear bilaterally to auscultation.
Abdomen with tenderness & hyperactive bowel sounds. Sates, "I'm so thirsty all the time." Urinating
small amounts of dark amber urine. States that has sore on ankle that won't heal. Vital signs: T 99.2
(degrees Fahrenheit), P 94 BPM, R 20 breaths per minute, BP 144/84 mmHg, & O2 Sat on room air 96%. -
correct answer ✔✔- Tented skin turgor
- "I'm so thirsty all the time."
- Urinating small amounts of dark amber urine.
- States that has sore on ankle that won't heal.
(Case Study- Michelle):
Indicate whether these findings from this client's assessment are generally associated with hypertension,
diabetes, or C. diff. - correct answer ✔✔Intake & Output results = C. diff
Foul-smelling diarrhea = C. diff
Has ankle sore that won't heal = Diabetes
Blood pressure reading = Hypertension
Hyperactive bowel sounds = C. diff
(Case Study - Michelle):
The client is at for experiencing _________ & _________. - correct answer ✔✔falls & dehydration
(Case Study - Michelle):
Which actions would the nurse include in the plan of care at this time? (Select all that apply): - correct
answer ✔✔- Continue with contact precautions
- Offer bland, low-residue foods
- Institute fall precautions
- Monitor for sepsis
- Notify the physician
HESI Urinary Patterns:
The client reports, prior to stroke, getting up five or six times to urinate nightly but controlled the urge
long enough to make it to the bathroom. How should the nurse describe the urinary pattern that the
client is describing? - correct answer ✔✔Nocturia
, Nocturia: - correct answer ✔✔Refers to voiding frequently at night. The incidence of nocturia increases
greatly in the older male client who has an enlarged prostate. It may also indicate an inability to
concentrate urine bc of poor blood flow to the kidneys.
Since the client now voids spontaneously without recognizing the need to void, how should the nurse
document the client's current urinary pattern in the med chart? - correct answer ✔✔Incontinence
*Incontinence is the involuntary loss of urine.
To help manage the client's incontinence, the nurse initiates a bladder training program. Which
instruction should the nurse provide to the unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) who will be helping care
for the client? - correct answer ✔✔Remind the client to void every 2 hours while awake & to call for
assistance to the bathroom.
*A toileting schedule is an effective means to retrain the bladder. Bladder training should start with
voiding every 2 hours in the daytime & every 4 hours at night & then be adapted to the individual needs.
The call bell should be near the client so that he can ring the bell for assistance to prevent the risk of
falling.
After several weeks, the bladder training program is unsuccessful in stopping the client's incontinence.
The client appears withdrawn & states that they are frustrated at the number of episodes that continue
to occur. Which interventions should the nurse include in the client's plan of care? (Select all that apply):
- correct answer ✔✔- Report signs of insomnia due to anxiety
- Discuss possible coping strategies
Following an episode of incontinence, the nurse washes the client's perineal area with mild soap and
water and applies a water-repellent ointment to the skin. The client's spouse is present and the nurse
uses this opportunity to educate them about proper skin care to prevent breakdown. Which statement
by the client's spouse indicates that teaching provided was effective? - correct answer ✔✔Wash the area
with mild soap & water followed by ointment.
*These water-repellent ointments help protect the skin from acidic effects of urine.
The nursing staff continues with bladder-training, but the client's incontinence shows a little
improvement. Since bladder training has not been successful, the nurse obtains a prescription to apply
an external male catheter. Which intervention is MOST important for the nurse to include in the client's
plan of care? - correct answer ✔✔Assess for signs of skin breakdown.
*Catheters can cause skin breakdown & lead to external infections. It is important to use good hand
hygiene, & replace catheter daily.
The client is admitted to the acute care facility for minor surgery. Preoperative prescriptions include the
insertion of an indwelling urinary catheter. A student nurse is assigned to care for the client. The nursing
instructor asks the student nurse to prepare to insert the indwelling catheter under supervision. What is
the first step in the proper placement of an indwelling urinary catheter for a male client? - correct
answer ✔✔Wash perineal area with soap & water
