MAN 3240 - Chapters 1-8-Study Guide
Questions All Answered Correctly
Graded A+.
Organizational Behavior - Answer Provides a set of tools that allow:
1) people to understand, analyze, and describe behavior in an organization;
2) managers to improve, enhance, or change work behaviors so that individuals, groups and the
whole organization can achieve their goal
3) Make management of people priority
Organizational Behavior - 3 levels of analysis - Answer 1) Individual level
2) Group level
3) Organization level
Organizational Behavior - Why Study OB - Answer 1) understand behavior in organization
2) learn to use and apply concepts, theories, techniquest to improve, enhance, change behavior
3) enable mangers to direct, supervise the activities of employees
Organizational Behavior - Why Important - Answer Changing Economy
Changing Workforce
Changes in Way people work
Managerial Skills - Answer Conceptual Skills
Technical Skills
Human Skills
Conceptual Skills - Answer Ability to think analytically and achieve integrative problem solving
Human Skills - Answer Ability to Work well in cooperation with other persons
Technical Skills - Answer Ability to apply expertise and peform a special task proficiently
The Most valuable resource in business is: - Answer Talent
,Organizational Behavior - Evidence - Answer 1) OB practices associated with better firm
performance
2) Firms that value OB had a 19% higher survival rate than firms who did not value OB
3) Good people comprise a valuable resource for companies
4
Scientific Method - Answer - Scientific research is sytematic, controlled, empirical, amoral,
public and critical investigation of natural phenomena; guided by theory and hypothesis about
the presumed relations among such phenomena;
- GOAL of science is to establish a relationship between two or more variables
1) Theory
2) Hypothesis
3) Data
4) Verification
Developed by: Frederick Taylor - 1911
Burger King - Social Recognition - Answer 1) Correlation between social recognition and job
performance was .28
2) Correlation beween social recognition and retention rates was .20
The Correlation - Answer Invented by Karl Pearson & Sir Francis Galton
Genetic Research
Perfect Positive Relationship is 1
Perfect Negative Relationshiop is -1
The Correlation - 3 things needs to prove Correlation - Answer 1) temporal precedece
2) covariation
3) elimination of alternative explanation
Frederick Taylor - Scientific Management - Answer Soldering & Principles of Scientific Mgt
Development of a true science of Mgt
Scientific Management - Answer Systematic Study of relationships between people and tasks
for purpose of redesigning the work process to increase efficiency
*** amount of effort each employee expends to produce a unit of output can be reduced by
increasing specialization and the division of labor
,*** set of principles and practices stressing job simplification and specialization
*** there is one best way to perform any job
*** Mgt's responsibility to determine best way
*** Time and motion studies
Disadvantages:
- loss of control
- repetitive, boring tasks
- meaningless, monotonous work
- high job dissatisfaction
- no opportunity to develop and acquire new skills
Soldiering - Answer Deliberately working slowly so as to avoid doing a full day's work
*** universal in industrial establishments (FORD)
Soldiering - Why? - Answer 1) Fallacy that a material increasein the output of each man or
each machine in the trade would result in putting men out of work
2) defective systems of mgt which are in common use, and which make it necessary for each
workman to solider, or work slowly, in order that he may protect his own best interest
3) The inefficient rule-of-thumb method - workmen waste a large part of their meffort
FORD and Taylor - Scientific Mgt - Answer Henry Noll
Story of Schmidt a/k/a "Henry Noll"
- Increased pay to $1.85/hr to move 45 tons instead of 12 1/2 tons
- must doe what supervisor tells him stop/rest/walk
Scientific Mgt - 4 Principles - Answer 1) Study the way employees perform their task -
experiement with ways to improve how tasks are performed
2) Codify new ways tasks are to be performed into written rules (standard operating procedure)
3) Match skills and abilities to employees - train them to perform task according to rules
4) Establish an acceptable level of performance for a task; develope system of reward for
acceptable level
Mary Parker Follett - Answer Concerned that Taylor ignored Human Factors
- Stressed importance of organization establishing common goals for employees
, - Stressed improtant of people rather than techniques
Hawthorne Studies - Answer Study of Lighting and how workers respond
-Workers respond to attention, talking with them,
Douglas Mcgregor - Answer Theory X and Theory Y
Theory Y - Answer 1) Employees will do what is good for the org
2) Mgrs must create setting to encourage committment to goals and provide opportunities for
initiative
Theory X - Answer 1) Average employee is lazy, dislikes work, and will try to do as little as
possible
2) Mgrs task is to supervise closely and control employees through reward and punishment
Personality - Answer The structures and propensitites inside a person that explain his/her
characteristic patterns of thought, emotion and behavior
Determined By:
- Heredity (genes)
- Environment (culture, norms)
- Situation (constraints on behavior)
Personality - Answer An important factor in accounting for why employees act the way they do
in organizations and why they have favorable or unfavorable attitudes toward their job and
organizations
Personality - Answer - Stable traits or characteristics
- Enduring pattern of attributes/traits
- Deeply ingrained pattern of behavior
- Developed at early age
- Develops over a person's lifetime
- Can influence career choice, job satisfaction, stress, leadership, and even performance
- Results of both genetics and environment (nature v. nurture)
Extraverts - tend to have a higher level of job satisfaction than introverts
Questions All Answered Correctly
Graded A+.
Organizational Behavior - Answer Provides a set of tools that allow:
1) people to understand, analyze, and describe behavior in an organization;
2) managers to improve, enhance, or change work behaviors so that individuals, groups and the
whole organization can achieve their goal
3) Make management of people priority
Organizational Behavior - 3 levels of analysis - Answer 1) Individual level
2) Group level
3) Organization level
Organizational Behavior - Why Study OB - Answer 1) understand behavior in organization
2) learn to use and apply concepts, theories, techniquest to improve, enhance, change behavior
3) enable mangers to direct, supervise the activities of employees
Organizational Behavior - Why Important - Answer Changing Economy
Changing Workforce
Changes in Way people work
Managerial Skills - Answer Conceptual Skills
Technical Skills
Human Skills
Conceptual Skills - Answer Ability to think analytically and achieve integrative problem solving
Human Skills - Answer Ability to Work well in cooperation with other persons
Technical Skills - Answer Ability to apply expertise and peform a special task proficiently
The Most valuable resource in business is: - Answer Talent
,Organizational Behavior - Evidence - Answer 1) OB practices associated with better firm
performance
2) Firms that value OB had a 19% higher survival rate than firms who did not value OB
3) Good people comprise a valuable resource for companies
4
Scientific Method - Answer - Scientific research is sytematic, controlled, empirical, amoral,
public and critical investigation of natural phenomena; guided by theory and hypothesis about
the presumed relations among such phenomena;
- GOAL of science is to establish a relationship between two or more variables
1) Theory
2) Hypothesis
3) Data
4) Verification
Developed by: Frederick Taylor - 1911
Burger King - Social Recognition - Answer 1) Correlation between social recognition and job
performance was .28
2) Correlation beween social recognition and retention rates was .20
The Correlation - Answer Invented by Karl Pearson & Sir Francis Galton
Genetic Research
Perfect Positive Relationship is 1
Perfect Negative Relationshiop is -1
The Correlation - 3 things needs to prove Correlation - Answer 1) temporal precedece
2) covariation
3) elimination of alternative explanation
Frederick Taylor - Scientific Management - Answer Soldering & Principles of Scientific Mgt
Development of a true science of Mgt
Scientific Management - Answer Systematic Study of relationships between people and tasks
for purpose of redesigning the work process to increase efficiency
*** amount of effort each employee expends to produce a unit of output can be reduced by
increasing specialization and the division of labor
,*** set of principles and practices stressing job simplification and specialization
*** there is one best way to perform any job
*** Mgt's responsibility to determine best way
*** Time and motion studies
Disadvantages:
- loss of control
- repetitive, boring tasks
- meaningless, monotonous work
- high job dissatisfaction
- no opportunity to develop and acquire new skills
Soldiering - Answer Deliberately working slowly so as to avoid doing a full day's work
*** universal in industrial establishments (FORD)
Soldiering - Why? - Answer 1) Fallacy that a material increasein the output of each man or
each machine in the trade would result in putting men out of work
2) defective systems of mgt which are in common use, and which make it necessary for each
workman to solider, or work slowly, in order that he may protect his own best interest
3) The inefficient rule-of-thumb method - workmen waste a large part of their meffort
FORD and Taylor - Scientific Mgt - Answer Henry Noll
Story of Schmidt a/k/a "Henry Noll"
- Increased pay to $1.85/hr to move 45 tons instead of 12 1/2 tons
- must doe what supervisor tells him stop/rest/walk
Scientific Mgt - 4 Principles - Answer 1) Study the way employees perform their task -
experiement with ways to improve how tasks are performed
2) Codify new ways tasks are to be performed into written rules (standard operating procedure)
3) Match skills and abilities to employees - train them to perform task according to rules
4) Establish an acceptable level of performance for a task; develope system of reward for
acceptable level
Mary Parker Follett - Answer Concerned that Taylor ignored Human Factors
- Stressed importance of organization establishing common goals for employees
, - Stressed improtant of people rather than techniques
Hawthorne Studies - Answer Study of Lighting and how workers respond
-Workers respond to attention, talking with them,
Douglas Mcgregor - Answer Theory X and Theory Y
Theory Y - Answer 1) Employees will do what is good for the org
2) Mgrs must create setting to encourage committment to goals and provide opportunities for
initiative
Theory X - Answer 1) Average employee is lazy, dislikes work, and will try to do as little as
possible
2) Mgrs task is to supervise closely and control employees through reward and punishment
Personality - Answer The structures and propensitites inside a person that explain his/her
characteristic patterns of thought, emotion and behavior
Determined By:
- Heredity (genes)
- Environment (culture, norms)
- Situation (constraints on behavior)
Personality - Answer An important factor in accounting for why employees act the way they do
in organizations and why they have favorable or unfavorable attitudes toward their job and
organizations
Personality - Answer - Stable traits or characteristics
- Enduring pattern of attributes/traits
- Deeply ingrained pattern of behavior
- Developed at early age
- Develops over a person's lifetime
- Can influence career choice, job satisfaction, stress, leadership, and even performance
- Results of both genetics and environment (nature v. nurture)
Extraverts - tend to have a higher level of job satisfaction than introverts
