Terms in this set (133)
GCU PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MIDTERM Complete
Exam Study Guide, Practice Questions, Verified
Questions & Answers, ATI Review Material, Disease
Processes, Cellular Adaptation, Inflammation, Fluid
& Electrolyte Balance, Nursing Exam Prep, Graded
A+, Latest 2026/202
cell stressors tissue ischemia, extreme temperature exposures, radiation
exposure, physical tissue damage, chemical toxins,
microorganisms, abnormal accumulation of metabolites in
cells, nutritional deficits
effects of hypoxic cell injury 1. ATP depletion: anaerobic metabolism - until
glycogen stores are depleted, Na/K ATPase & Ca ATPase
are affected, increased intracellular Na & Ca, H2O
follows Na - Cell swelling, RER swelling - ribosomes
detach - decrease in protein synthesis
2.Increased Intracellular Calcium: Ca activates intracellular
catabolic enzymes, decrease in ATP, membrane damage, DNA
damage, Increase in mitochondrial permeability - increase in
ROS
3.Oxygen-derived free radicals = ROS: destruction of cell
membrane & nucleus
4. Defects in Membrane Permeability: Leakage of
intracellular enzymes, can be detected in the blood
cellular adaption allows the stressed tissue to survive or maintain function
such as:
atrophy, hypertrophy, hyperplasia, metaplasia, dysplasia
Hypertrophy increase in cell size
Hyperplasia increase in number of cells
the enlargement of an organ or tissue because of an
abnormal increase in the number of cells in the tissues
Metaplasia Mature cell type is replaced by a different mature cell type
Dysplasia abnormal development or growth of cells, tissues, or organs
, Necrosis tissue death
Types of Necrosis coagulation, liquefaction, caseous
Coagulative necrosis Cell proteins are altered or denatured - coagulation
GCU PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MIDTERM Complete
Exam Study Guide, Practice Questions, Verified
Questions & Answers, ATI Review Material, Disease
Processes, Cellular Adaptation, Inflammation, Fluid
& Electrolyte Balance, Nursing Exam Prep, Graded
A+, Latest 2026/202
cell stressors tissue ischemia, extreme temperature exposures, radiation
exposure, physical tissue damage, chemical toxins,
microorganisms, abnormal accumulation of metabolites in
cells, nutritional deficits
effects of hypoxic cell injury 1. ATP depletion: anaerobic metabolism - until
glycogen stores are depleted, Na/K ATPase & Ca ATPase
are affected, increased intracellular Na & Ca, H2O
follows Na - Cell swelling, RER swelling - ribosomes
detach - decrease in protein synthesis
2.Increased Intracellular Calcium: Ca activates intracellular
catabolic enzymes, decrease in ATP, membrane damage, DNA
damage, Increase in mitochondrial permeability - increase in
ROS
3.Oxygen-derived free radicals = ROS: destruction of cell
membrane & nucleus
4. Defects in Membrane Permeability: Leakage of
intracellular enzymes, can be detected in the blood
cellular adaption allows the stressed tissue to survive or maintain function
such as:
atrophy, hypertrophy, hyperplasia, metaplasia, dysplasia
Hypertrophy increase in cell size
Hyperplasia increase in number of cells
the enlargement of an organ or tissue because of an
abnormal increase in the number of cells in the tissues
Metaplasia Mature cell type is replaced by a different mature cell type
Dysplasia abnormal development or growth of cells, tissues, or organs
, Necrosis tissue death
Types of Necrosis coagulation, liquefaction, caseous
Coagulative necrosis Cell proteins are altered or denatured - coagulation
