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Minor Positive Organizational Psychology | Complete Lecture Summary – Module 1 & 2

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Complete and detailed lecture summary for the Minor Positive Organizational Psychology, covering both Module 1 and Module 2. The documents include the lecture material, key theories, models, concepts, research findings, examples and explanations needed to prepare for the exam. Module 1 focuses on top-down approaches to employee engagement and well-being, including work design and well-being at work, Positive Human Resource Management (HRM), leadership and the social work environment. Important theories and concepts such as the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) Theory, Job Characteristics Model, decent and meaningful work, work engagement, burnout, workaholism, AMO Model, job crafting and employee performance are clearly explained. Module 2 focuses on bottom-up approaches and how employees can actively influence their own work, motivation and well-being. Topics include Self-Determination Theory (SDT), motivation, self-regulation, habit change, job crafting, proactive work and career behaviors, coping with work stress and work-life balance. The summaries contain lecture notes, definitions, models, examples, study results and explanations of important relationships between theories, making them useful for understanding the course content as well as studying for the Positive Organizational Psychology exam. Keywords Positive Organizational Psychology, minor, lecture summary, lectures, Module 1, Module 2, organizational psychology, work psychology, positive psychology, employee well-being, work design, Job Demands-Resources, JD-R, job crafting, meaningful work, decent work, HRM, AMO model, leadership, social work environment, work engagement, burnout, workaholism, motivation, Self-Determination Theory, SDT, self-regulation, habit change, proactive work behavior, proactive career behavior, work stress, coping, work-life balance, employee performance, exam summary

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Lectures 3.1 Positive Organziational Psychology
Lecture 6: motivation, self-regulation, and habit at work
Top-down and bottom-up
 Module 1= Top-down
approaches:Work design, HRM, Leaders, Social
work environment
 Module 2= Bottom-up approaches: Individual
behaviors

What is the relevance of motivation at work
 Motivatie op persoonlijk niveau (individual level):
 Skills: Motivatie bepaalt of mensen hun vaardigheden ontwikkelen.
 Jobs & careers: Het beïnvloedt loopbaankeuzes en carrièregroei.
 Allocation of resources: Motivatie stuurt hoe mensen hun tijd en energie verdelen.
 Motivatie op organisatieniveau (organizational level):
 Work environments: Motivatie hangt samen met hoe werkplekken worden ingericht.
 HR policy: Beloningssystemen, training en selectie zijn gericht op het verhogen van
motivatie.
 Management practices: Leidinggevenden spelen een grote rol in het stimuleren of
onderdrukken van motivatie.

De figuur laat zien dat motivatie een centraal en essentieel onderdeel is in hoe mensen
functioneren op het werk—zelf belangrijker dan zelfregulatie.
Motivatie beïnvloedt gedrag, prestaties, welzijn en carrière-ontwikkeling.

Public Policy = Overheidsbeleid probeert arbeidsparticipatie en welzijn te verbeteren door
motivatie te ondersteunen, bijvoorbeeld via: Werk-privé regelingen, Scholingssubsidies,
Gezonde werkcultuur stimuleren
Kort: beleid probeert omstandigheden te creëren waarin mensen gemotiveerd en duurzaam
inzetbaar blijven.

What is motivation
 “[T]he impetus that gives purpose or direction to behavior and operates in humans at a
conscious or unconscious level.”
 “[A]person’s willingness to exert physical or mental effort in pursuit of a goal or
outcome”
Drives behavior

Self-Determination Theory
=Humans are active and growth-oriented, ze willen groeien
Assumpties=
 Motivation is determined by interactions between individuals and enviornment
 Environment can either support or obstruct our tendency to be growth-oriented
 Some types of motivation are better than others, sommige hebben meer beter
uitkomsten etc

,Different types of motivation (to
work)
= er zijn twee type motivities




Extrinsic motivation (controlled) Intrinsic motivation (autonomous)
Behavior is controlled by environment: Behavior is self- determined:
Individuals engage in the activity to obtain Individuals choose to engage in activity for
an outcome its own sake
 ze doen het omdat ze externe factoren  ze doen het omdat ze het leuk vinden,
het beinvloeden geen externe factoren (interen)
Self-Determination Theory (Deci & Ryan 1985)
=motivatie veranderd door een internaliserende process
Controlled motivation Autonomous motivation
Extrinsic/external Introjected Identified Intrinsic regulation
regulation regulation= iets regulation = we intergreren
=(beloningen willen doen om pressure of = er zijn volledig de external
en straffen guilt te vermijden externaliserende standarden maar we
vermijden)  geloven dat er standardden maar intersnaliserende
een sociale standard gelooft dat het werk het werk belangrijk
is maar het niet wel belangrijk is en daardoor fun en
volledig naar je enjoyable
internaliseren
External rewards Internal pressure Importance Fun and Enjoyment
People do better when their motivation is autonomous.
Autonomous motivation linked to positive Controlled regulation is linked to negative
outcomes: outcomes:
 Greater wellbeing and happiness  Impaired performance
 Lower burnout and distress  Difficulties with concentration and
 More engagement memory
 Organizational commitment  Physical complaints
 Greater performance and productivity  Psychological distress
 Low engagement

Basic psychologial needs
= ons werk kan situaties creeeren waardoor we meer motivatie krijgen door te voldoen aan
de basic needs
1) Need for autonomy 2) Need to belong/for 3) Need for competence
Job design relatedness Compensation system
=ability to make discission by Quality of interpersonal =what we do is vaulted and
our self , doing things by your relationships + appreciated
self leadership
=meaningful connections,
 autonomous regulation (het leidt tot dat)

,Theory of Purposeful Work Behavior
 Aims to explain an individual’s level of intrinsic motivation
- How, why and when will an individual be intrinsically motivated to work?
 Focus is on the interaction or fit between personality and task or social characteristics of
the job

Personality
The Big 5: Personality is made up of 5 key dimensions
1. Openness to experience = imagining and creativity
2. Conscientiousness= competence, high discipline
3. Extroversion= outgoing, warm, adventures
4. Agreeableness= helping, trusting, empathetic
5. Neuroticism= anxious, unhappy, negative emotions

Theory of Purposeful Work Behavior
 Personality characteristics (Big 5) cause specific
higher-order implicit goals, which influence
thoughts, emotions, and behaviors
 Distinguish individuals from another (general
patterns of thoughts, emotions, and
behavior)

Omdat we allemaal verschillende persoonlijkheden
hebben hebben we ook andere higher order implciet
goals end at heft invloed op ons gedrag en emoties etc

 Higher-order implicit goals: motivational objectives
people strive to attain
 Implicit and unconscious
 Enduring (long term)
 Importance of each goal differs by personality

 Jobs vary in terms of how intrinsically motivating they are

Drie categorieën die bepalen hoe motiverend een job is: Job
characteristics
1. Task characteristics =Wat je doet in de job (variatie, autonomie,
uitdaging).
2. Social context= Met wie je werkt (support, waardering,
teamklimaat).
3. Power= De invloed en controle die je hebt over beslissingen op je
werk.
Werk is motiverender wanneer deze jobkenmerken passen bij je
persoonlijkheid en bij wat jij belangrijk vindt (je hogere doelen
Facilitate or constrain if personality traits and higher-order goals are
matched  Is purposeful goal striving meaningful?

, Idee theorie= if we have our personality and we are in a job that allows us to persu our goals
that are aligned with our personality , because the task, social context and power align with
that we can experienced meaningfullness


 Persoonlijkheidskenmerken beïnvloeden iemands hogere doelen (purposeful goal
striving).
 Taak- en sociale kenmerken van het werk dragen bij aan ervaren betekenisvolheid.
 Als deze persoonlijke doelen en werkomstandigheden op elkaar aansluiten,
ontstaat ervaren betekenis, wat via motivatieprocessen leidt tot tevredenheid en goede
prestaties.
 Als er geen overeenstemming is
tussen persoon en werkomgeving,
ontstaat een discordante
situatie → gebrek aan betekenis.

Kort:
👉 Match tussen persoonlijkheid,
doelen en taakkenmerken =
betekenisvol werk en betere
resultaten.
👉 Mismatch = gebrek aan betekenis

Higher-order Motivational Strivings
=voorbeelden van higher order goals , people that strive for=
Communion Status Autonomy Achievement
They want to have=  Power  Control  Competence
 Contact with others  Influence  Growth  Accomplishment
 Cooperation
Persoonlijkheidkenmerken= Extroversion Openness to Conscientiousness
Agreeableness experience Emotional Stability
Emotional stability
Job carateristics that match Power/influence Job autonomy task identity (van begin
with that= Task significance Task variety tot eind een task)
Social support Feedback Feedback from the job
Interdependence Feedback from others
Interactions

De afbeelding
= toont hoe persoonlijkheid en hogere doelen leiden tot betekenisvol werk en uiteindelijk
tot betere werkuitkomsten:
1. Striving for purposefulness (links):
Mensen die agreeable en emotioneel stabiel zijn, stellen communion goals (gericht op
relaties en samenwerking).
Deze doelen bevorderen sociale steun, interdependentie en interpersoonlijke interactie.
2. Striving for meaningfulness (rechts):
Deze sociale processen vergroten het gevoel van ervaren betekenisvolheid in het werk.

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Uploaded on
August 17, 2026
File latest updated on
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Number of pages
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