NSG 214 – Midterm Exam UPDATED
ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS
Assessment - CORRECT ANSWER collection of subjective and objective data about a
patient's health
Subjective data - CORRECT ANSWER consist of information provided by the patient
Objective data - CORRECT ANSWER information obtained by health care provider through
observation and inspecting, percussing, palpating, and auscultating during physical examination
Database - CORRECT ANSWER totality of information available about patient, including
subjective, objective, medical record, and laboratory studies
Purpose of assessment - CORRECT ANSWER to make a judgement of diagnosis
Diagnostic reasoning - CORRECT ANSWER process of analyzing health data and drawing
conclusions to identify diagnoses
4 components of diagnostic reasoning - CORRECT ANSWER - attending to available cues:
signs, symptoms, or laboratory data
- formulating diagnostic
Hypotheses: tentative explanations for cues and serve as basis for further investigation
- gathering data: relative to tentative hypothesis
- evaluating each hypothesis with new data collected leading to final diagnosis
Nursing process - CORRECT ANSWER 1. Assessment
,2. Diagnosis
3. Outcome identification
4. Planning
5. Implementation
6. Evaluation
Nursing process - assessment - CORRECT ANSWER collect data by review of clinical record,
interview patient, health history, physical examination, functional assessment, cultural and/or spiritual
assessment, consultation, review of literature
Nursing process - diagnosis - CORRECT ANSWER interpret data (clusters of cues & make
inferences), validate inferences, compare clusters of cues with definitions and defining characteristics,
identify related factors, document the diagnosis
Nursing process - outcome identification - CORRECT ANSWER Identify expected outcomes,
individualize to the person, ensure outcomes are realistic and measurable, include time frame
Nursing process - planning - CORRECT ANSWER establish priorities, develop outcomes, set
time frames for outcomes, identify interventions, document plan of care
Nursing process - implementation - CORRECT ANSWER determine patient readiness, review
planned interventions, collaborate with other team members, supervise by delegating appropriate
responsibilities, counsel person and significant others, involve person in health care, refer for
continuing care, document care provided
Nursing process - evaluation - CORRECT ANSWER refer to established outcomes, evaluate
individual's condition and compare actual outcomes with expected outcomes, summarize results of
evaluation, identify reasons for failure to achieve expected outcomes, take corrective action to modify
plan of care, document evaluation in plan of care
Novice nurse - CORRECT ANSWER has no experience with specific patient populations and
uses rules to guide performance and achieve competency
Proficient nurse - CORRECT ANSWER understands a patient situation as a whole rather than
as a list of tasks, attends to an assessment data pattern, and acts without consciously labeling it
,Expert nurse - CORRECT ANSWER has an intuitive grasp of a clinical situation and zeroes in
on the accurate solution
Critical thinking - CORRECT ANSWER - multidimensional thinking process needed for sound
diagnostic reasoning and clinical judgement
- relevant info should be identified, clinical cues gathered, assessment completed and priorities
considered
Risk diagnosis - CORRECT ANSWER identify actual and potential risks from full list of both
medical and nursing assessment data
First-level priority problem - CORRECT ANSWER Emergent, life threatening, and immediate,
such as establishing an airway of supporting breathing
Second level priority problem - CORRECT ANSWER are those that are next in urgency—
those requiring prompt intervention to forestall further deterioration, for example, mental status
change, acute pain, acute urinary elimination problems, untreated medical problems, abnormal
laboratory values, risks of infection, or risk to safety or security
Third level priority problem - CORRECT ANSWER Important to the patient's health but can
be addressed after more urgent health problems are addressed such as lack of knowledge or family
coping
Collaborative problems - CORRECT ANSWER certain physiologic conditions in which the
approach to treatment involves multiple disciplines
Evidence based practice - CORRECT ANSWER systematic approach to practice that uses
research evidence, clinical expertise, clinician knowledge, and patient's preferences and values to
make decisions about care and treatment
4 types of databases - CORRECT ANSWER 1) complete (total history) includes health history,
full physical examination, yielding 1st diagnoses
, 2) focused (problem-centered) for limited or short term problem, smaller in scope and more targeted
3) follow-up evaluates status of any identified problem at regular intervals to f/u on short term and
chronic health problems
4) emergency calls for rapid collection of crucial data, often occurs while performing lifesaving
measures
Holistic health model - CORRECT ANSWER assess whole person bc it views the mind, body,
and spirit as interdependent and functioning as a whole within the environment
Health promotion and disease prevention - CORRECT ANSWER Involve changing people's
unhealthy behaviors through a set of positive acts. The focus is on teaching and helping the consumer
choose a healthier lifestyle
Characteristics of culture - CORRECT ANSWER 1. Learned from birth through language
acquisition and socialization
2. Shared by all members of the same cultural group
3. Adapted to specific conditions related to environmental, technical factors, & availability of natural
resources
4. Dynamic and ever changing
Subcultural groups - CORRECT ANSWER smaller groups that function within a larger culture,
these groups may hold different beliefs, values, and attitudes than the larger cultural group such as
ethnicity, religion, education, occupation, age, and gender
National Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services in Health Care -
CORRECT ANSWER provide blueprint to improve quality of care and eliminate health
disparities for culturally diverse populations
Linguistic competence - CORRECT ANSWER ensures non-native english speaking patients
receive care in preferred language (ie interpreters)
Religion - CORRECT ANSWER organized system of beliefs concerning the cause, nature, and
purpose of the universe, attendance of regular services
ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS
Assessment - CORRECT ANSWER collection of subjective and objective data about a
patient's health
Subjective data - CORRECT ANSWER consist of information provided by the patient
Objective data - CORRECT ANSWER information obtained by health care provider through
observation and inspecting, percussing, palpating, and auscultating during physical examination
Database - CORRECT ANSWER totality of information available about patient, including
subjective, objective, medical record, and laboratory studies
Purpose of assessment - CORRECT ANSWER to make a judgement of diagnosis
Diagnostic reasoning - CORRECT ANSWER process of analyzing health data and drawing
conclusions to identify diagnoses
4 components of diagnostic reasoning - CORRECT ANSWER - attending to available cues:
signs, symptoms, or laboratory data
- formulating diagnostic
Hypotheses: tentative explanations for cues and serve as basis for further investigation
- gathering data: relative to tentative hypothesis
- evaluating each hypothesis with new data collected leading to final diagnosis
Nursing process - CORRECT ANSWER 1. Assessment
,2. Diagnosis
3. Outcome identification
4. Planning
5. Implementation
6. Evaluation
Nursing process - assessment - CORRECT ANSWER collect data by review of clinical record,
interview patient, health history, physical examination, functional assessment, cultural and/or spiritual
assessment, consultation, review of literature
Nursing process - diagnosis - CORRECT ANSWER interpret data (clusters of cues & make
inferences), validate inferences, compare clusters of cues with definitions and defining characteristics,
identify related factors, document the diagnosis
Nursing process - outcome identification - CORRECT ANSWER Identify expected outcomes,
individualize to the person, ensure outcomes are realistic and measurable, include time frame
Nursing process - planning - CORRECT ANSWER establish priorities, develop outcomes, set
time frames for outcomes, identify interventions, document plan of care
Nursing process - implementation - CORRECT ANSWER determine patient readiness, review
planned interventions, collaborate with other team members, supervise by delegating appropriate
responsibilities, counsel person and significant others, involve person in health care, refer for
continuing care, document care provided
Nursing process - evaluation - CORRECT ANSWER refer to established outcomes, evaluate
individual's condition and compare actual outcomes with expected outcomes, summarize results of
evaluation, identify reasons for failure to achieve expected outcomes, take corrective action to modify
plan of care, document evaluation in plan of care
Novice nurse - CORRECT ANSWER has no experience with specific patient populations and
uses rules to guide performance and achieve competency
Proficient nurse - CORRECT ANSWER understands a patient situation as a whole rather than
as a list of tasks, attends to an assessment data pattern, and acts without consciously labeling it
,Expert nurse - CORRECT ANSWER has an intuitive grasp of a clinical situation and zeroes in
on the accurate solution
Critical thinking - CORRECT ANSWER - multidimensional thinking process needed for sound
diagnostic reasoning and clinical judgement
- relevant info should be identified, clinical cues gathered, assessment completed and priorities
considered
Risk diagnosis - CORRECT ANSWER identify actual and potential risks from full list of both
medical and nursing assessment data
First-level priority problem - CORRECT ANSWER Emergent, life threatening, and immediate,
such as establishing an airway of supporting breathing
Second level priority problem - CORRECT ANSWER are those that are next in urgency—
those requiring prompt intervention to forestall further deterioration, for example, mental status
change, acute pain, acute urinary elimination problems, untreated medical problems, abnormal
laboratory values, risks of infection, or risk to safety or security
Third level priority problem - CORRECT ANSWER Important to the patient's health but can
be addressed after more urgent health problems are addressed such as lack of knowledge or family
coping
Collaborative problems - CORRECT ANSWER certain physiologic conditions in which the
approach to treatment involves multiple disciplines
Evidence based practice - CORRECT ANSWER systematic approach to practice that uses
research evidence, clinical expertise, clinician knowledge, and patient's preferences and values to
make decisions about care and treatment
4 types of databases - CORRECT ANSWER 1) complete (total history) includes health history,
full physical examination, yielding 1st diagnoses
, 2) focused (problem-centered) for limited or short term problem, smaller in scope and more targeted
3) follow-up evaluates status of any identified problem at regular intervals to f/u on short term and
chronic health problems
4) emergency calls for rapid collection of crucial data, often occurs while performing lifesaving
measures
Holistic health model - CORRECT ANSWER assess whole person bc it views the mind, body,
and spirit as interdependent and functioning as a whole within the environment
Health promotion and disease prevention - CORRECT ANSWER Involve changing people's
unhealthy behaviors through a set of positive acts. The focus is on teaching and helping the consumer
choose a healthier lifestyle
Characteristics of culture - CORRECT ANSWER 1. Learned from birth through language
acquisition and socialization
2. Shared by all members of the same cultural group
3. Adapted to specific conditions related to environmental, technical factors, & availability of natural
resources
4. Dynamic and ever changing
Subcultural groups - CORRECT ANSWER smaller groups that function within a larger culture,
these groups may hold different beliefs, values, and attitudes than the larger cultural group such as
ethnicity, religion, education, occupation, age, and gender
National Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services in Health Care -
CORRECT ANSWER provide blueprint to improve quality of care and eliminate health
disparities for culturally diverse populations
Linguistic competence - CORRECT ANSWER ensures non-native english speaking patients
receive care in preferred language (ie interpreters)
Religion - CORRECT ANSWER organized system of beliefs concerning the cause, nature, and
purpose of the universe, attendance of regular services
