COUNSELING THE CULTURALLY DIVERSE
THEORY COMPREHENSIVE EXAMINATION
TEST COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS
●● Microaggressions*
Answer: The everyday slights, put-downs, invalidations, and insults
directed to socially devalued group members by well-intentioned people
who may be unaware that they have engaged in such biased and harmful
behaviors.
●● Self-reflection*
Answer: Truthfully taking stock of one's emotions, beliefs, values,
thoughts, and actions and how those impact the self and others.
●● Worldview*
Answer: People's attitudes, values, and beliefs that affect how people
think, define events, make decisions, and behave
●● Awareness*
Answer: Being conscious and mindful of one's own worldview, and the
possible differences between culturally diverse clients, and other group
identities
,●● Collectivism*
Answer: A philosophy that the psychosocial unit of identity resides in
the family or group
●● Cultural relativism*
Answer: The belief that the manifestation and treatment of mental
disorders must take into consideration cultural differences
●● Culture-bound syndromes*
Answer: Mental disorders unique to various cultures
●● Emic*
Answer: (Culturally specific) the belief that cultural differences must be
considered in the diagnosis and treatment of culturally diverse groups
●● Etic*
Answer: (Culturally universal) the belief that human beings share
overwhelming commonalities and that the manifestation and treatment
of disorders are similar across all cultures and societies
●● Individual level of identity*
,Answer: Acknowledges that no two individuals are alike, because people
are unique and do not share the same experiences in life, not even
identical twins.
●● Multicultural counseling/therapy*
Answer: A helping role and a process that uses modalities and defines
goals consistent with the life experiences and cultural values of diverse
clients.
●● Multiculturalism*
Answer: The integration, acceptance, and embracing of cultural
differences that include race, gender, sexual orientation, and other
sociodemographic identities
●● Personalismo*
Answer: a Latino/a cultural orientation whereby people relationships are
more valued over institutional obligations and responsibilities.
●● Skills*
Answer: specific expertise and ability to effectively utilize therapies and
knowledge to help clients from cultures different from the therapist.
●● Universal Level of Identity*
, Answer: Acknowledges people are similar to one another, originate from
the same species, and share qualities that make them human.
●● Communication Styles*
Answer: Characteristics of communication associated with race, gender,
and other group identities often manifested in verbal and nonverbal
communication language. For instance, Chinese culture values restraint
of strong feelings, and eye contact is avoided in the presence of higher-
status individuals.
●● Cultural values*
Answer: values held in common by a cultural group which often help
shape worldview and the perceptions of individuals of that culture.
●● Historical stereotypes*
Answer: Stereotypes which are fueled by the past relationship between
cultural groups.
●● Interracial/interethnic bias*
Answer: The bias that a person of one racial/ethnic group harbors for
members of another racial/ethnic group which can be fueled by
erroneous stereotypes or negative experiences with a member of the
other racial/ethnic group
●● Interracial/interethnic conflict*
THEORY COMPREHENSIVE EXAMINATION
TEST COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS
●● Microaggressions*
Answer: The everyday slights, put-downs, invalidations, and insults
directed to socially devalued group members by well-intentioned people
who may be unaware that they have engaged in such biased and harmful
behaviors.
●● Self-reflection*
Answer: Truthfully taking stock of one's emotions, beliefs, values,
thoughts, and actions and how those impact the self and others.
●● Worldview*
Answer: People's attitudes, values, and beliefs that affect how people
think, define events, make decisions, and behave
●● Awareness*
Answer: Being conscious and mindful of one's own worldview, and the
possible differences between culturally diverse clients, and other group
identities
,●● Collectivism*
Answer: A philosophy that the psychosocial unit of identity resides in
the family or group
●● Cultural relativism*
Answer: The belief that the manifestation and treatment of mental
disorders must take into consideration cultural differences
●● Culture-bound syndromes*
Answer: Mental disorders unique to various cultures
●● Emic*
Answer: (Culturally specific) the belief that cultural differences must be
considered in the diagnosis and treatment of culturally diverse groups
●● Etic*
Answer: (Culturally universal) the belief that human beings share
overwhelming commonalities and that the manifestation and treatment
of disorders are similar across all cultures and societies
●● Individual level of identity*
,Answer: Acknowledges that no two individuals are alike, because people
are unique and do not share the same experiences in life, not even
identical twins.
●● Multicultural counseling/therapy*
Answer: A helping role and a process that uses modalities and defines
goals consistent with the life experiences and cultural values of diverse
clients.
●● Multiculturalism*
Answer: The integration, acceptance, and embracing of cultural
differences that include race, gender, sexual orientation, and other
sociodemographic identities
●● Personalismo*
Answer: a Latino/a cultural orientation whereby people relationships are
more valued over institutional obligations and responsibilities.
●● Skills*
Answer: specific expertise and ability to effectively utilize therapies and
knowledge to help clients from cultures different from the therapist.
●● Universal Level of Identity*
, Answer: Acknowledges people are similar to one another, originate from
the same species, and share qualities that make them human.
●● Communication Styles*
Answer: Characteristics of communication associated with race, gender,
and other group identities often manifested in verbal and nonverbal
communication language. For instance, Chinese culture values restraint
of strong feelings, and eye contact is avoided in the presence of higher-
status individuals.
●● Cultural values*
Answer: values held in common by a cultural group which often help
shape worldview and the perceptions of individuals of that culture.
●● Historical stereotypes*
Answer: Stereotypes which are fueled by the past relationship between
cultural groups.
●● Interracial/interethnic bias*
Answer: The bias that a person of one racial/ethnic group harbors for
members of another racial/ethnic group which can be fueled by
erroneous stereotypes or negative experiences with a member of the
other racial/ethnic group
●● Interracial/interethnic conflict*
