COUNSELING THE CULTURALLY DIVERSE
THEORY CERTIFICATION TEST PAPER
VERIFIED QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
GRADED A+
●● Per CACREP, Social and Cultural Diversity studies
Answer: These studies provide and understanding of the cultural context
of relationships, issues, and trends in a multicultural society including:
a. multicultural and pluralistic trends, including characteristics and
concerns within and among diverse groups nationally and
internationally;
b. attitudes, beliefs, understandings, and acculturative experiences,
including specific experiential learning activities designed to foster
students' understanding of self and culturally diverse clients;
c. theories of multicultural counseling, identity development, and social
justice;
d. individual, couple, family, group, and communities strategies for
working with and advocating for diverse populations, including
multicultural competencies;
e. counselors' roles in developing cultural self-awareness, promoting
cultural social justice, advocacy and conflict resolution, and other
culturally supported behaviors that promote optimal wellness and
growth of the human spirit, mind, or body; and
f. counselors' role in eliminating biases, prejudices, and processes of
intentional and unintentional oppression and discrimination.
,●● Culture
Answer: refers to the human experience mediated by biological,
psychological, historical, and political events.
●● A person's culture includes their
Answer: behaviors, attitudes, feelings, and cognitions related to our
identities living within the world.
●● Culture exists on three levels:
Answer: Universal, group, individual. Culture organizes how groups as a
whole, individuals within a particular group, and individuals as a human
race behave, think, and feel. Because of this we each have a unique
cultural makeup that affects our experiences in counseling and in the
world.
●● The extent to which a group membership is labeled as "culture"
depends on
Answer: how broadly individuals define culture. A broad definition
might include variable such as race, gender, ethnicity, gender, sexual
orientation, educational status, language, and geographical origin. A
more narrow definition might label culture as race and gender only.
●● cultural encapsulation
,Answer: oftentimes, the dominant cultural view is regarded in
counseling as more important, leading the counselor to evaluate and treat
clients from this perspective and disregard individual culture.
●● Multicultural counseling
Answer: the integration of cultural identities within the counseling
process.
●● Cultural identity
Answer: refers to the degree to which individuals identify belonging to
subgroups of various cultural groups or categories - that is, how the
combinations of the various cultural group memberships for the client
and counselor interact to affect the counseling relationship and the
process and outcome of counseling.
●● Culture's role in mental health was first discussed in the
Answer: 1960s and 70s when scholars stated that the cultural identities
of clients should be acknowledged because they affect clients'
experiences in counseling. In addition, several wrote about the negative
ways in which counselors inhibit clients' well-being when not addressing
client cultural experiences in counseling sessions
●● Names of people in social and cultural chapter
Answer: Gilbert Wrenn
William Cross, Jr.
, Janet Helms
ACA approves the multicultural counseling competency standards
(1991)
Paul Pedersen
Patricia Arredondo
Manivog Ratts
greater empasis on culture in ACA in 2005
●● Ramsey(2009) identified several pertinent ethical challenges:
Answer: - Counselors have an ethical obligation to build their
knowledge, awareness, and skills to work with culturally diverse
clientele -- that is, multicultural counseling competence.
- Counselors must be aware of both the strengths and challenges of
traditional counseling theories and must familiarize themselves with
indigenous healing practices.
- Although counselors are charged with practicing only within the
bounds of their competence, it is unlikely that counselors will be
knowledgeable about every culture. However, it is important for
counselors to "stretch the boundaries" of their competence to increase
their cultural awareness, knowledge, and skills.
- Counselors make client referrals when the setting in which they work
fails to provide for the client, and that setting cannot or will not alter its
policies and procedure to cater to that client.
- Counselors must consider client cultural idioms of distress and cultural
bias among practitioners when evaluating client symptomology and
providing clinical diagnoses.
THEORY CERTIFICATION TEST PAPER
VERIFIED QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
GRADED A+
●● Per CACREP, Social and Cultural Diversity studies
Answer: These studies provide and understanding of the cultural context
of relationships, issues, and trends in a multicultural society including:
a. multicultural and pluralistic trends, including characteristics and
concerns within and among diverse groups nationally and
internationally;
b. attitudes, beliefs, understandings, and acculturative experiences,
including specific experiential learning activities designed to foster
students' understanding of self and culturally diverse clients;
c. theories of multicultural counseling, identity development, and social
justice;
d. individual, couple, family, group, and communities strategies for
working with and advocating for diverse populations, including
multicultural competencies;
e. counselors' roles in developing cultural self-awareness, promoting
cultural social justice, advocacy and conflict resolution, and other
culturally supported behaviors that promote optimal wellness and
growth of the human spirit, mind, or body; and
f. counselors' role in eliminating biases, prejudices, and processes of
intentional and unintentional oppression and discrimination.
,●● Culture
Answer: refers to the human experience mediated by biological,
psychological, historical, and political events.
●● A person's culture includes their
Answer: behaviors, attitudes, feelings, and cognitions related to our
identities living within the world.
●● Culture exists on three levels:
Answer: Universal, group, individual. Culture organizes how groups as a
whole, individuals within a particular group, and individuals as a human
race behave, think, and feel. Because of this we each have a unique
cultural makeup that affects our experiences in counseling and in the
world.
●● The extent to which a group membership is labeled as "culture"
depends on
Answer: how broadly individuals define culture. A broad definition
might include variable such as race, gender, ethnicity, gender, sexual
orientation, educational status, language, and geographical origin. A
more narrow definition might label culture as race and gender only.
●● cultural encapsulation
,Answer: oftentimes, the dominant cultural view is regarded in
counseling as more important, leading the counselor to evaluate and treat
clients from this perspective and disregard individual culture.
●● Multicultural counseling
Answer: the integration of cultural identities within the counseling
process.
●● Cultural identity
Answer: refers to the degree to which individuals identify belonging to
subgroups of various cultural groups or categories - that is, how the
combinations of the various cultural group memberships for the client
and counselor interact to affect the counseling relationship and the
process and outcome of counseling.
●● Culture's role in mental health was first discussed in the
Answer: 1960s and 70s when scholars stated that the cultural identities
of clients should be acknowledged because they affect clients'
experiences in counseling. In addition, several wrote about the negative
ways in which counselors inhibit clients' well-being when not addressing
client cultural experiences in counseling sessions
●● Names of people in social and cultural chapter
Answer: Gilbert Wrenn
William Cross, Jr.
, Janet Helms
ACA approves the multicultural counseling competency standards
(1991)
Paul Pedersen
Patricia Arredondo
Manivog Ratts
greater empasis on culture in ACA in 2005
●● Ramsey(2009) identified several pertinent ethical challenges:
Answer: - Counselors have an ethical obligation to build their
knowledge, awareness, and skills to work with culturally diverse
clientele -- that is, multicultural counseling competence.
- Counselors must be aware of both the strengths and challenges of
traditional counseling theories and must familiarize themselves with
indigenous healing practices.
- Although counselors are charged with practicing only within the
bounds of their competence, it is unlikely that counselors will be
knowledgeable about every culture. However, it is important for
counselors to "stretch the boundaries" of their competence to increase
their cultural awareness, knowledge, and skills.
- Counselors make client referrals when the setting in which they work
fails to provide for the client, and that setting cannot or will not alter its
policies and procedure to cater to that client.
- Counselors must consider client cultural idioms of distress and cultural
bias among practitioners when evaluating client symptomology and
providing clinical diagnoses.
