CONTEMPORARY PROJECT MANAGEMENT
PLAN DRIVEN AND AGILE APPROACHES
CERTIFICATION EVALUATION VERIFIED
QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
●● PV
Answer: Planned Value - Authorized budget assigned to scheduled work
●● AC
Answer: Actual Cost - Realized cost incurred for work performed in the
period
●● BAC
Answer: Budget at Completion - Sum of all budgeted work -- the total
project budget
●● SV
Answer: Scheduled Variance = EV - PV | Negative = behind schedule |
Positive = Ahead of schedule | 0 = On schedule
●● CV
Answer: Cost Variance = EV - AC | Negative = Over Budget | Positive =
Under Budget | 0 = On Budget
,●● SPI
Answer: Schedule Performance Index = EV/PV | <1.0 = behind | > 1.0 =
ahead | 1.0 = on schedule
●● CPI
Answer: Cost Performance Index = EV/AC | <1.0 = Over budget | >1.0
= under budget | 1.0 = on budget
●● EAC
Answer: Estimate at Completion = BAC/CPI - Forecasted total budget
cost based on current spending efficiency
●● ETC
Answer: Estimate to Complete = EAC - AC -- how much more money is
needed to finish the project
●● VAC
Answer: Variance at Completion = BAC - EAC -- projected over/under
budget at project end
●● TCPI
,Answer: To-Complete Performance Index (BAC - EV)/ (BAC - AC) |
efficiency needed to finish on original budget | >1.0 = harder than
currently performing
●● PERT Beta (Weighted Average)
Answer: (O + 4M + P)/6 -- Best estimate accounting for uncertainty ;
Most common PERT formula
●● PERT Triangular (Simple Average)
Answer: Equal weighting of optimistic, most likely and pessimistic
●● PERT Standard Deviation
Answer: (P-O)/6 -- Spread/Range of the PERT Estimate; used to
calculate cost intervals
●● Communication Channels
Answer: N x (N-1)/2 -- Total possible communication channels (N=
number of stakeholders)
●● ROM (Rough Order of Magnitude) Estimate Range
Answer: -25% TO +75% -- Very early rough high-level cost or duration
estimate; minimal info available
●● Definitive Estimate Range
, Answer: -5% to +10% Detailed planning; most accurate estimate range
●● Release Planning Duration
Answer: 3-6 months -- Typical agile release schedule length
●● The Agile Manifesto 4 Core Values
Answer:
●● The 12 Agile Principles
Answer: Our highest priority is to satisfy the customer through early and
continuous delivery of valuable software
Welcome changing requirements, even late in development — agile
processes harness change for the customer's competitive advantage
Deliver working software frequently, from a couple of weeks to a couple
of months, with a preference to the shorter timescale
Businesspeople and developers must work together daily throughout the
project
Build projects around motivated individuals; give them the environment
and support they need and trust them to get the job done
The most efficient and effective method of conveying information is
face-to-face conversation
Working software is the primary measure of progress
Agile processes promote sustainable development — sponsors,
developers, and users should maintain a constant pace indefinitely
PLAN DRIVEN AND AGILE APPROACHES
CERTIFICATION EVALUATION VERIFIED
QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
●● PV
Answer: Planned Value - Authorized budget assigned to scheduled work
●● AC
Answer: Actual Cost - Realized cost incurred for work performed in the
period
●● BAC
Answer: Budget at Completion - Sum of all budgeted work -- the total
project budget
●● SV
Answer: Scheduled Variance = EV - PV | Negative = behind schedule |
Positive = Ahead of schedule | 0 = On schedule
●● CV
Answer: Cost Variance = EV - AC | Negative = Over Budget | Positive =
Under Budget | 0 = On Budget
,●● SPI
Answer: Schedule Performance Index = EV/PV | <1.0 = behind | > 1.0 =
ahead | 1.0 = on schedule
●● CPI
Answer: Cost Performance Index = EV/AC | <1.0 = Over budget | >1.0
= under budget | 1.0 = on budget
●● EAC
Answer: Estimate at Completion = BAC/CPI - Forecasted total budget
cost based on current spending efficiency
●● ETC
Answer: Estimate to Complete = EAC - AC -- how much more money is
needed to finish the project
●● VAC
Answer: Variance at Completion = BAC - EAC -- projected over/under
budget at project end
●● TCPI
,Answer: To-Complete Performance Index (BAC - EV)/ (BAC - AC) |
efficiency needed to finish on original budget | >1.0 = harder than
currently performing
●● PERT Beta (Weighted Average)
Answer: (O + 4M + P)/6 -- Best estimate accounting for uncertainty ;
Most common PERT formula
●● PERT Triangular (Simple Average)
Answer: Equal weighting of optimistic, most likely and pessimistic
●● PERT Standard Deviation
Answer: (P-O)/6 -- Spread/Range of the PERT Estimate; used to
calculate cost intervals
●● Communication Channels
Answer: N x (N-1)/2 -- Total possible communication channels (N=
number of stakeholders)
●● ROM (Rough Order of Magnitude) Estimate Range
Answer: -25% TO +75% -- Very early rough high-level cost or duration
estimate; minimal info available
●● Definitive Estimate Range
, Answer: -5% to +10% Detailed planning; most accurate estimate range
●● Release Planning Duration
Answer: 3-6 months -- Typical agile release schedule length
●● The Agile Manifesto 4 Core Values
Answer:
●● The 12 Agile Principles
Answer: Our highest priority is to satisfy the customer through early and
continuous delivery of valuable software
Welcome changing requirements, even late in development — agile
processes harness change for the customer's competitive advantage
Deliver working software frequently, from a couple of weeks to a couple
of months, with a preference to the shorter timescale
Businesspeople and developers must work together daily throughout the
project
Build projects around motivated individuals; give them the environment
and support they need and trust them to get the job done
The most efficient and effective method of conveying information is
face-to-face conversation
Working software is the primary measure of progress
Agile processes promote sustainable development — sponsors,
developers, and users should maintain a constant pace indefinitely
