PRASHANT KIRAD
CLASS 10 NOTES
SCIENCE
Life Processes
PRASHANT KIRAD
, PRASHANT KIRAD
Life Processes
What are Life Processes?
Life processes encompass a set of interconnected activities within an organism that
collectively contribute to its repair and maintenance. These crucial processes include
Respiration (R), Excretion (E), Nutrition (N), and Transportation (T), forming the acronym
RENT.
Nutrition is the transformative process by which an organism acquires external sources of
energy, commonly known as food, and transfers it internally for sustenance and vitality.
Respiration: The process of acquiring oxygen from outside the body, and using it in
the process of break-down of food sources for cellular needs, is called respiration.
Transportation refers to the internal mechanism responsible for conveying nutrients and
oxygen from one location to another within the body.
Excretion is the process through which the body eliminates and expels waste by-products,
ensuring their removal from the internal environment and subsequent disposal outside the
organism.
Modes of Nutrition
1. Autotrophic Nutrition.
2. Heterotrophic Nutrition.
Autotrophs are organisms that derive their nutrition from basic food
materials acquired from inorganic sources such as carbon dioxide and
water. Notable examples include green plants and certain bacteria.
Heterotrophs, on the other hand, rely on complex substances for their
nutritional needs. These intricate compounds must undergo breakdown into
simpler forms before being utilized for the maintenance and growth of the
organism. To facilitate this process, organisms employ bio-catalysts known as
enzymes. Animals and fungi are examples of heterotrophs.
E. M .A
Autotrophic Nutrition:
1. Autotrophic organisms fulfill their carbon and energy requirements
through photosynthesis.
2. Photosynthesis is the process whereby autotrophs absorb external
substances and convert them into stored energy. This involves the
conversion of carbon dioxide and water into carbohydrates in the presence
of sunlight and chlorophyll.
3. Surplus carbohydrates produced through photosynthesis are stored in the
form of starch.
4. Similarly, in our bodies, a portion of the energy derived from the food we
eat is stored in the form of glycogen.
, PRASHANT KIRAD
Events Occurring during Photosynthesis:
1. Chlorophyll absorbing light energy.
2. Transformation of light energy into
chemical energy.
3. Separation of water molecules into
hydrogen and oxygen.
4. Conversion of carbon dioxide into
carbohydrates through reduction.
Chlorophyll is a crucial component for the process of photosynthesis.
The iodine test results in a blue-black coloration in the leaf regions where
photosynthesis occurs.
How the plant obtains carbon dioxide?
Massive gaseous exchange occurs in leaves via stomatal pores for
photosynthesis.
Gas exchange extends across the surfaces of stems, roots, and leaves.
Stomatal pores close to prevent excessive water loss when carbon dioxide is
not needed for photosynthesis.
The opening and closing of stomatal pores are regulated by guard cells.
Guard cells swell with water influx, causing stomatal pores to open.
Conversely, the pores close when guard cells shrink.
E. M .A
Stomata
Stomata, pores on leaves, facilitate gas exchange.
Predominantly located on the underside of leaves.
Guard cells, regulating pore opening and closing, safeguard each stoma.
The functionality of guard cells is influenced by their water content.
CLASS 10 NOTES
SCIENCE
Life Processes
PRASHANT KIRAD
, PRASHANT KIRAD
Life Processes
What are Life Processes?
Life processes encompass a set of interconnected activities within an organism that
collectively contribute to its repair and maintenance. These crucial processes include
Respiration (R), Excretion (E), Nutrition (N), and Transportation (T), forming the acronym
RENT.
Nutrition is the transformative process by which an organism acquires external sources of
energy, commonly known as food, and transfers it internally for sustenance and vitality.
Respiration: The process of acquiring oxygen from outside the body, and using it in
the process of break-down of food sources for cellular needs, is called respiration.
Transportation refers to the internal mechanism responsible for conveying nutrients and
oxygen from one location to another within the body.
Excretion is the process through which the body eliminates and expels waste by-products,
ensuring their removal from the internal environment and subsequent disposal outside the
organism.
Modes of Nutrition
1. Autotrophic Nutrition.
2. Heterotrophic Nutrition.
Autotrophs are organisms that derive their nutrition from basic food
materials acquired from inorganic sources such as carbon dioxide and
water. Notable examples include green plants and certain bacteria.
Heterotrophs, on the other hand, rely on complex substances for their
nutritional needs. These intricate compounds must undergo breakdown into
simpler forms before being utilized for the maintenance and growth of the
organism. To facilitate this process, organisms employ bio-catalysts known as
enzymes. Animals and fungi are examples of heterotrophs.
E. M .A
Autotrophic Nutrition:
1. Autotrophic organisms fulfill their carbon and energy requirements
through photosynthesis.
2. Photosynthesis is the process whereby autotrophs absorb external
substances and convert them into stored energy. This involves the
conversion of carbon dioxide and water into carbohydrates in the presence
of sunlight and chlorophyll.
3. Surplus carbohydrates produced through photosynthesis are stored in the
form of starch.
4. Similarly, in our bodies, a portion of the energy derived from the food we
eat is stored in the form of glycogen.
, PRASHANT KIRAD
Events Occurring during Photosynthesis:
1. Chlorophyll absorbing light energy.
2. Transformation of light energy into
chemical energy.
3. Separation of water molecules into
hydrogen and oxygen.
4. Conversion of carbon dioxide into
carbohydrates through reduction.
Chlorophyll is a crucial component for the process of photosynthesis.
The iodine test results in a blue-black coloration in the leaf regions where
photosynthesis occurs.
How the plant obtains carbon dioxide?
Massive gaseous exchange occurs in leaves via stomatal pores for
photosynthesis.
Gas exchange extends across the surfaces of stems, roots, and leaves.
Stomatal pores close to prevent excessive water loss when carbon dioxide is
not needed for photosynthesis.
The opening and closing of stomatal pores are regulated by guard cells.
Guard cells swell with water influx, causing stomatal pores to open.
Conversely, the pores close when guard cells shrink.
E. M .A
Stomata
Stomata, pores on leaves, facilitate gas exchange.
Predominantly located on the underside of leaves.
Guard cells, regulating pore opening and closing, safeguard each stoma.
The functionality of guard cells is influenced by their water content.
